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3D Modeling Techniques : Types and Specific Applications

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ThePro3DStudio
ThePro3DStudio

3D modeling has revolutionized the design, manufacturing, research & development, and the advertising industries. With 3D modeling, it is now possible to visualize an outcome even before it is given a practical, real shape. 3D modeling allows inventors and designers to evaluate their concepts and to identify potential flaws that may lead to project failure at a later stage. These slides provide details about the various types of 3D modeling techniques and their specific uses and applications.

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3DMODELING TECHNIQUES
3D modeling and animations are being used in various industries, including video games, movies, publishing, architecture, medical science, and geology. 3D modeling refers to the creation of 3D images of different objects, where it is mathematically represented in three dimensions. In the following slides, you will come to know about different types of 3D modeling techniques. At the outset, development of 3D models calls for creativity and an advanced knowledge of 3D modeling software. 3D MODELING
● Box Modeling ● Subdivision Modeling ● Contour/Edge Modeling ● Spline/NURBS Modeling ● Digital Sculpting COMMON TECHNIQUES USED IN 3D MODELING ● Procedural Modeling ● Image-based Modeling ● Surface Modeling ● Polygonal Modeling
SUBDIVISION/ BOX MODELING 3D modeling has limitless potential. Subdivision modeling or box modeling is a prominent 3D modeling technique. With box modeling techniques, the final model is sculpted gradually in 3D design software from a fundamental and native shape such as a box, cylinder, or other primitive objects. The primitive shapes are modeled from scratch through various iterative steps and the use of cutting-edge tools. The amount of detailing and intricacies that you want to incorporate in the shape can be taken care of in an efficient manner.
VARIOUS STEPS IN BOX MODELING Find some good reference material Setting up the Work Environment Defining the Rough Draft Rough Detail Stage Clean-up Stage Cage Modeling
SUBDIVISION (CAGE MODELING) This is a nice trick to make your organic model, which may either be a character or a planet model, look smoother with just a few clicks of a few buttons. This, however, does NOT make your model better. You should note that subdivision modeling works well with only organic shapes and makes their surfaces appear smoother by introducing more geometry through iterations.
STEPS INVOLVED IN CAGE MODELING Create a primitive box and set your segments to 1. Now convert it into an Editable Polygon. Go to the Edit Face mode and scroll down to the Subdivision Roll-out. Checkmark ‘Use NURMS Subdivision’ and set the iteration to 2.
Collapse the stack by converting it into an Editable Polygon. Again set ‘Use NURMS Subdivision’ and set the iteration to 2.
CONTOUR/ EDGE MODELING Edge modeling is another type of polygonal modeling technique, but it is different from box modeling. In this process, the modelers develop the model piece by piece, instead of refining a primitive shape. This is done by placing the loops of polygons along the outlines and filling the gaps that lie between them.
SPLINE/ NURBS MODELING NURBS modeling has been around since the advent of 3D modeler software. The 3D geometry is mathematically represented through NURBS which stands for ‘Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines’. NURBS has the potential to precisely describe all types of digital shapes ranging from circles, arcs, and 2D shapes to 3D solids as well as highly intricate freeform organic surfaces.
WORKFLOW WITH NURBS Building the Spline Cage Surfacing & Trimming Moving to Polygon Lighting & Rendering
DIGITAL SCULPTING Sculpting has been traditionally performed on rocks chiseled by expert craftsmen. With the advent of the digital age, sculpting is being done on computer screens through the use of specialized software. 3D digital sculpting refers to the process of designing 3D objects by expert artists on the canvas provided by advanced software.
3D SCULPTING WORKFLOW Manipulate the geometry of the sculpt. Subdivide the geometry. Add more and more details over time.
PROCEDURAL MODELING Procedural modeling refers to the designs that are generated algorithmically, and are not created by the artist manually. Here, the objects and scenes are developed on the basis of user-defined parameters or rules. In various environment modeling packages, the modelers can create entire landscapes by modifying parameters such as elevation range and foliage density. They can also choose from landscapes such as coastal areas, desert or alpine environments. Various modeling techniquesare used for developing 3D designs for games.
IMAGE-BASED MODELING In image-based modeling, 3D objects are derived algorithmically from a set of 2D images that are static in nature. This type of modeling is used in cases where the modeler faces budgetary or time restrictions, and is not able to develop fully-realized 3D images. This is one of the most common types of 3D modeling techniques in the film industry. Over the years, image-based modeling is increasingly being used in the entertainment industry.
SURFACE MODELING Surface modeling helps in creating a 3D spline. The process involves the incorporation of a 2D spline, and it is different from NURBS. This modeling technique is primarily used to generate organic 3D models in films. It offers a good amount of flexibility to the modelers. They can easily create a 3D representation with various requirements, using geometric entities such as curves or surfaces.
SURFACE MODELING WORK FLOW Create a model that combines 3D solids, surfaces, and mesh objects. Convert the model into procedural surfaces to take advantage of associative modeling. Convert the procedural surfaces into NURBS surfaces with CONVTONURBS to take advantage of NURBS editing. Check for imperfections and wrinkles with the surface analysis tools. If necessary, rebuild the surfaces to restore smoothness with CVREBUILD.
POLYGONAL MODELING In 3D computer graphics, polygonal modeling is an approach for modeling objects by representing or approximating their surfaces using polygon meshes. Polygonal modeling is well suited to scanline rendering and is therefore the method of choice for generating real- time computer graphics.
POLYGONAL MODELING WORK FLOW EXTRUSION Consider a simple pyramid shape. Edges can also be extruded. SUBDIVIDING Uniform subdivision Edge Loops BEVELS OR CHAMFERS REFINING/SHAPING
● Advertising and Marketing ● Architectural Design ● Geology and Science ● Gaming APPLICATIONS OF 3D MODELING ● Entertainment ● Healthcare Industry ● Industrial Design ● Publishing Industry
ADVANTAGES OF 3D MODELING ● Realistic, easy, and quick ● An image speaks a thousand words. ● Better for marketing and project approvals ● Easy re-modeling and corrections ● Positive impact on project execution ● A boon for interior designers ● Measurements ● Fewer instructions and no language barriers
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3D Modeling Techniques : Types and Specific Applications

  • 2. 3D modeling and animations are being used in various industries, including video games, movies, publishing, architecture, medical science, and geology. 3D modeling refers to the creation of 3D images of different objects, where it is mathematically represented in three dimensions. In the following slides, you will come to know about different types of 3D modeling techniques. At the outset, development of 3D models calls for creativity and an advanced knowledge of 3D modeling software. 3D MODELING
  • 3. ● Box Modeling ● Subdivision Modeling ● Contour/Edge Modeling ● Spline/NURBS Modeling ● Digital Sculpting COMMON TECHNIQUES USED IN 3D MODELING ● Procedural Modeling ● Image-based Modeling ● Surface Modeling ● Polygonal Modeling
  • 4. SUBDIVISION/ BOX MODELING 3D modeling has limitless potential. Subdivision modeling or box modeling is a prominent 3D modeling technique. With box modeling techniques, the final model is sculpted gradually in 3D design software from a fundamental and native shape such as a box, cylinder, or other primitive objects. The primitive shapes are modeled from scratch through various iterative steps and the use of cutting-edge tools. The amount of detailing and intricacies that you want to incorporate in the shape can be taken care of in an efficient manner.
  • 5. VARIOUS STEPS IN BOX MODELING Find some good reference material Setting up the Work Environment Defining the Rough Draft Rough Detail Stage Clean-up Stage Cage Modeling
  • 6. SUBDIVISION (CAGE MODELING) This is a nice trick to make your organic model, which may either be a character or a planet model, look smoother with just a few clicks of a few buttons. This, however, does NOT make your model better. You should note that subdivision modeling works well with only organic shapes and makes their surfaces appear smoother by introducing more geometry through iterations.
  • 7. STEPS INVOLVED IN CAGE MODELING Create a primitive box and set your segments to 1. Now convert it into an Editable Polygon. Go to the Edit Face mode and scroll down to the Subdivision Roll-out. Checkmark ‘Use NURMS Subdivision’ and set the iteration to 2.
  • 8. Collapse the stack by converting it into an Editable Polygon. Again set ‘Use NURMS Subdivision’ and set the iteration to 2.
  • 9. CONTOUR/ EDGE MODELING Edge modeling is another type of polygonal modeling technique, but it is different from box modeling. In this process, the modelers develop the model piece by piece, instead of refining a primitive shape. This is done by placing the loops of polygons along the outlines and filling the gaps that lie between them.
  • 10. SPLINE/ NURBS MODELING NURBS modeling has been around since the advent of 3D modeler software. The 3D geometry is mathematically represented through NURBS which stands for ‘Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines’. NURBS has the potential to precisely describe all types of digital shapes ranging from circles, arcs, and 2D shapes to 3D solids as well as highly intricate freeform organic surfaces.
  • 11. WORKFLOW WITH NURBS Building the Spline Cage Surfacing & Trimming Moving to Polygon Lighting & Rendering
  • 12. DIGITAL SCULPTING Sculpting has been traditionally performed on rocks chiseled by expert craftsmen. With the advent of the digital age, sculpting is being done on computer screens through the use of specialized software. 3D digital sculpting refers to the process of designing 3D objects by expert artists on the canvas provided by advanced software.
  • 13. 3D SCULPTING WORKFLOW Manipulate the geometry of the sculpt. Subdivide the geometry. Add more and more details over time.
  • 14. PROCEDURAL MODELING Procedural modeling refers to the designs that are generated algorithmically, and are not created by the artist manually. Here, the objects and scenes are developed on the basis of user-defined parameters or rules. In various environment modeling packages, the modelers can create entire landscapes by modifying parameters such as elevation range and foliage density. They can also choose from landscapes such as coastal areas, desert or alpine environments. Various modeling techniquesare used for developing 3D designs for games.
  • 15. IMAGE-BASED MODELING In image-based modeling, 3D objects are derived algorithmically from a set of 2D images that are static in nature. This type of modeling is used in cases where the modeler faces budgetary or time restrictions, and is not able to develop fully-realized 3D images. This is one of the most common types of 3D modeling techniques in the film industry. Over the years, image-based modeling is increasingly being used in the entertainment industry.
  • 16. SURFACE MODELING Surface modeling helps in creating a 3D spline. The process involves the incorporation of a 2D spline, and it is different from NURBS. This modeling technique is primarily used to generate organic 3D models in films. It offers a good amount of flexibility to the modelers. They can easily create a 3D representation with various requirements, using geometric entities such as curves or surfaces.
  • 17. SURFACE MODELING WORK FLOW Create a model that combines 3D solids, surfaces, and mesh objects. Convert the model into procedural surfaces to take advantage of associative modeling. Convert the procedural surfaces into NURBS surfaces with CONVTONURBS to take advantage of NURBS editing. Check for imperfections and wrinkles with the surface analysis tools. If necessary, rebuild the surfaces to restore smoothness with CVREBUILD.
  • 18. POLYGONAL MODELING In 3D computer graphics, polygonal modeling is an approach for modeling objects by representing or approximating their surfaces using polygon meshes. Polygonal modeling is well suited to scanline rendering and is therefore the method of choice for generating real- time computer graphics.
  • 19. POLYGONAL MODELING WORK FLOW EXTRUSION Consider a simple pyramid shape. Edges can also be extruded. SUBDIVIDING Uniform subdivision Edge Loops BEVELS OR CHAMFERS REFINING/SHAPING
  • 20. ● Advertising and Marketing ● Architectural Design ● Geology and Science ● Gaming APPLICATIONS OF 3D MODELING ● Entertainment ● Healthcare Industry ● Industrial Design ● Publishing Industry
  • 21. ADVANTAGES OF 3D MODELING ● Realistic, easy, and quick ● An image speaks a thousand words. ● Better for marketing and project approvals ● Easy re-modeling and corrections ● Positive impact on project execution ● A boon for interior designers ● Measurements ● Fewer instructions and no language barriers