1 geography overview
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This document provides an introduction to the subject of geography. It defines geography as the study of the relationship between people and their environments. It outlines the major branches of geography such as physical geography, which studies the physical features of the Earth, and human geography, which studies human populations and culture. The document also discusses important concepts in geography like place, region, environment, location, and movement. It explains the tools used in geography like maps, globes, tables, graphs and charts. Finally, it provides background on the major continents of the world.
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1 geography overview
- 1. UNIT I
- 2. WELCOME TO GEOGRAPHY!MS. JUNDELLE BAGIOEN / jmbagioen@gmail.com
- 3. GEOGRAPHY IS THE MOST SUBJECT ON THE PLANET VITAL VISUAL VARIED
- 6. Geography as a branch of knowledge Nature of Geography History of Geography Branches of Geography Importance of studying Geography
- 7. "The science concerned with the formulation of the laws governing the spatial distribution of certain features on the surface of the earth." - Fred Schaefer, 1953 "Study of human ecology; adjustment of man to natural surroundings." - Harland Barrows, 1923 "How environment apparently controls human behavior." - Ellen Semple, c. 1911 "Geography is both science and art" - H.C. Darby, 1962 "Geography is the study of the patterns and processes of human (built) and environmental (natural) landscapes, where landscapes comprise real (objective) and perceived (subjective) space." - Gregg Wassmansdorf, 1995
- 8. GEOGRAPHY GREEK WORDS geo graphe “EARTH” “TO DRAW” WRITING ABOUT THE EARTH
- 9. • Geographers are scientists who study the relationship between people and their environments.
- 10. BRANCHES AND TYPES OF GEORAPHY
- 12. • Physical geography—study of the physical features and changes on the earth's surface • Humangeography—study of humans and their ideas, and the impact of human ideas and actions on the earth. BRANCHES AND TYPES OF GEORAPHY
- 13. THE ELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL OR NATURAL ELEMENTS CULTURAL OR HUMAN ELEMENTS A. Weather and Climate B. Landforms 1. Continents and Islands 2. Highlands 3. Lowlands C. Waterforms 1. Oceans and Seas 2. Waters of the Lands D. Plants and Animals E. Natural Resources A. Man 1. Population 2. Cultural Groups 3. Cultural Institutions B. Works of Man 1. Settlements 2. Economic or Ways of Life 3. Routes of Transportation 4. Communication
- 16. • help us know more about each other and our cultures, • help us understand our environment and problems associated with it, • help us better understand the ways in which each of us interacts with, and is dependent on others and the environment,
- 17. • and help us solve environmental, political, economic, and social problems.
- 18. information and facts about the world attitudes towards environments balanced appreciation of world problemschallenge of problem solving fundamental knowledge for planning, research... preparation for allied fields (geology, mapping, urban planning...)
- 20. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT HERODOTUS 485-425 B.C. TOPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTIONS ERATOSTHENES 3RD CENTURY B.C. EARTH IS ROUND HIPPARCHUS 4TH CENTURY B.C. IMAGINARY LINES THALES OF MILETUS 6TH CENTURY B.C. GEOMETRIC PRINCIPLES TO MEASURE THE LAND ANAXIMANDER CYLINDER SHAPED EARTH ARISTOTLE 384-322 B.C. EARTH WAS SPHERE STRABO 64 B.C. - 20 A.D. GEOGRAPHICS PTOLEMY A.D. 100-170 GUIDE TO GEOGRAPHY
- 21. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT BERNHARD VARENIUS GEOGRAPHICA GENERALIS IMMANUEL KANT ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT WHERE AND WHY APPROACH FRIEDRICH RATZEL ELLEN CHURCHILL SEMPLE HUMAN GEOGRAPHY (FOUNDER) ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON CLIMATE AS A DETERMINANT OF CIVILIZATION PAUL VIDAL DE LA BLACHE REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY APPROACH CARL SAVER
- 24. •includes physical and humancharacteristics of a place PLACE1
- 25. • areas withdistinctive characteristics: human characteristics, such as demographics or politics, and physical characteristics, such as climate and vegetation. REGION2
- 26. • how people interact with the environment, and how the environment responds, with three key concepts: • D-A-M ENVIRONMENT3
- 28. • the travel of people, goods, and ideas from one location to another, or political events MOVEMENT5
- 29. UNIT II
- 30. TOOLS OF GEOGRAPHY! MS. JUNDELLE BAGIOEN / 0906-547-9094/ jmbagioen@gmail.com
- 31. Types of Maps and Their Interpretation The Globe and Its Features Tables, Graphs and Charts
- 32. • a drawing or other representation, usually o n a flat surface , of all or part of the earth's surface, ordinarily sho wing co untrie s, bodies of water, cities, mountains, etc. MAPS
- 33. shows distance, direction, size and shape in horizontal spatial relationship illustrates different kinds of iinformation (population distribution land use, etc.) best way of communicating information about the earth indespensable tools for geographers MAP
- 35. • a.k.a. CYLINDRICAL PROJECTION • best used for navigating at sea Mercator
- 36. Equal-Area • shows true area which represents the same amount of the earth's surface • shows area in their proper proportion
- 37. • like a peeled orange • with ve ry little disto rtio n in size/shape • m o re accurate than the first two Interrupted
- 39. •emphasize s the natural features of the Earth HYSICALP
- 42. • shows information of a specific kind PECIAL-PURPOSES
- 46. •shows the roughnes s of the Earth OPOGRAPHICT
- 48. • exreme variation of the special- purpose map designed to send a strong pecific message to the map reader ARTOGRAMC
- 50. • MAP SCALES • MAP LEGENDS • GRID – Meridians of Longitudes – Parallels of Latitudes – Remote Sensing – Landsat Images HOWTOREADMAPS
- 51. Landsat
- 53. MAPELEMENTS
- 61. • A globe is a three-dimensional scale model of Earth. • The word "globe" comes from the Latin word g lo bus, meaning round mass or sphere. GLOBE
- 62. • BEST REPRESENTATION OF THE EARTH • FEATURES – Lines of Latitude – Lines of Longitude – The Arctic and the Antarctic Circles – The International Date Line – Time Zones – Hemispheres – Continents and Oceans GLOBE
- 63. Tables, Graphs and Charts
- 64. TABLES visual displays of numerical or non-numerical data arranged in vertical columns so that the data may be emphasized, compared, or contrasted.
- 65. GRAPHS A kind of picture that makes the facts from the table easier to understand. BAR GRAPH and LINE GRAPH
- 66. CHARTS PICTOGRAPH - chart that uses picture symbols to stand for fixed amounts of selected things. PIE CHART
- 67. Nature of Geography and Continents in the World Continents and Landscapes in the World
- 68. Continents From Latin "continere" for "to hold together", terra continens, the "continuous land".
- 70. Africa A Roman term Africa terra "African land", the land of Africus, the northern part of Africa, a part of the Roman Empire. The Roman name has possibly its roots in the Phoenician term Afryqah, meaning "colony", as transliterated into Roman Latin.
- 71. America The name America was first used in 1507 by the Cartographer Martin Waldseemüller in its treatise "Cosmographiae Introductio" to name the New World, after Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian navigator who made two (or four) trips to America with Spanish and Portuguese expeditions, it was Vespucci who first recognized that America was a new continent.
- 72. Asia Latin and Greek origin - the "Easte rn Land", it is speculated to be from the word asu "to go out, to rise," in reference to the sun, thus "the land o f the sunrise . "
- 73. Europe Latin and Greek origin. Europa, Europe, often explained as "broad face," from eurys "wide" and ops "face." Some suggests a possible semantic origin by the Sumerian term erebu with the meaning of "darkness" and "to go down, set" (in reference to the sun) which would parallel Orient.
- 74. Australia Latin - Terra Australis incognita the "Unknown Southern Land", an imaginary, hypothetical continent, a large landmass in the south of the Indian Ocean, the supposed counterpart of the Northern Hemisphere
- 75. Antarctic Old French: antartique, in Modern Latin: antarcticus, in Greek: antarktikos, from anti: "opposite" + arktikos: "of the north".
- 76. Renick, D. & Dahlman, C. (2014). Introduction to Geogaphy: People, Places & Environment 6th edition. Pearson Educaton Inc. Blij H. , Muller, P. & WinklerPrins A. (2010). Geography of the World 4th edition(International Student Version. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Clifford, N., Holloway, S. et al. (2008). Key Concepts in Geography 2nd edition. SAGE Publications Inc. https://www.google.com.ph/maps
Editor's Notes
- what makes geography interesting is because it's all about everything!
- what makes geography interesting is because it's all about everything!