Challenges For Urban Women Entrepreneurship Development
- 2. PREPARED FOR
DR. MUHAMMAD Z MAMUN
COURSE INSTRUCTOR: RESEARCH METHODS
PROFESSOR
INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION,
UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA
PREPARED BY:
AFSARA ZAHEEN AHMED RH-24
REHANUL ISLAM ZR-27
SYEDA SHEHTAZ HASIB RH-28
NABEELA ZEREEN MOBASHWER RH-30
MUNEM CHOWDHURY ZR-33
SHABAB MASHUK ZR-47
NOUSHIN WADUD KHAN RH-58
SAJEED ALAM ZR-60
AHNAF AHMED ZR-62
TOWSIF REAZ ZR-64
GROUP: 01
BBA BATCH 20, SECTION A
GROUP 1
SECTION A
- 4. 1.0 INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
40% women involved in the workforce
Entrepreneurship crucial to
MACROECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT
Bangladesh 75th
in Global Gender
Gap ranking
12.7% of enterprises in Bangladesh
owned by women entrepreneurs
- 5. 1.0 INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
Research limited to urban women entrepreneurs operating
within Dhaka City
OBJECTIVES
ANALYSE THE CHALLENGES TO URBAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
DEVELOPMENT:
1. PERSONAL CHALLENGES
2. SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
3. FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
4. BUSINESS OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
5. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
- 6. 2.0 METHODOLOGY
DATA COLLECTION
01. PRIMARY DATA
SELF-ADMINISTERED
QUESTIONNAIRES
02. SECONDARY DATA
PERTINENT ARTICLES AND
ACADEMIC JOURNALS
03. SAMPLING TYPE
JUDGMENTAL,
NON-PROBABILITY
SAMPLING
04. SAMPLE SIZE
CALCULATED: 385
REACHED: 76
- 7. 2.0 METHODOLOGY
QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT
47 QUESTIONS OVERALL divided into 5 sections based on
the challenges
45 of them MCQs
6 respondents for PRE-TESTING
0.718 – value of Cronbach’s alpha for summated scale
questions
- 9. 3.0 RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS
RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS: EDUCATION
39.5% Business majors
86.8% studied at local institutions
RESPONDENT DEMOGRAPHICS: PRIOR PROFESSION
47.4% students prior to starting business
30.3% homemakers prior to starting business
- 12. 4.1 PERSONAL CHALLENGES
PERSONAL CHALLENGES
01. MOTIVATION FOR STARTING BUSINESS
17.9% self-motivated
02. MAJOR INITIAL OBSTACLES
21.8% have lack of start up finance
14.1% face difficulties in work-life balance
- 14. 4.1 PERSONAL CHALLENGES
PERSONAL CHALLENGES
21.2% faced financial constraints both initially and currently
04. CROSS COMPARISON OF CHALLENGES
43.9% faced work-life balance constraints both initially and
currently
9.1% faced entrepreneurial skills gap both initially and
currently
- 15. 4.2 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
Maintaining work-life balance
01. CHALLENGES FOR MOTHERS
43.4% faced problems with managing general household
responsibilities
02. SIGNIFICANCE OF DOMESTIC RESPONSIBILITIES
26.3% faced no problems
- 16. 4.2 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
03. FAMILY SUPPORT
34.9% receive support from husbands
30.2% receive support from parents
04. FAMILY OBLIGATIONS TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP
57.1% have families with reservations on working hours
- 17. 4.2 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
05. PROBLEMS WITH COWORKERS
39.3% faced no problems
19% faced lack of cooperation
17.9% felt lack of respect for authority
16.7% thought coworkers felt lack of faith in ability
7.2% faced gender discrimination problems
- 18. 4.2 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
06. PERCEPTION OF SOCIETAL OUTLOOK ON WOMEN
“Society believes that women should not work.”
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4.61 mean score
STRONGLY
AGREE
STRONGLY
DISAGREE
- 19. 4.2 SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
SOCIETAL CHALLENGES
07. SOCIETAL PERCEPTION ON IDEAL JOBS FOR WOMEN
Teachers, doctors, interior designers, boutique shop owners
08. CONVENIENT INDUSTRIES FOR WOMEN
30.3% Clothing
26.3% Beauty care
23.7% Handicraft
- 20. 4.3 FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
01. INITIAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
38.2% from Personal savings
31.6% initial investment more than Tk. 500,000
22.4% initial investment between Tk. 100,000 and Tk. 500,000
3.9% from Private commercial banks
1.3% from Public commercial banks
- 21. 4.3 FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
Tk. 10,000 – Tk. 50,000 - Majority of Food businesses
02. CROSS COMPARISON BETWEEN INVESTMENT SIZE &
TYPE OF BUSINESS
Tk. 50,000 – Tk. 100,000 - Majority of Event management
businesses
Tk. 100,000 – Tk. 500,000 - Majority of Beauty and
grooming businesses
More than Tk. 500,000 - Majority of Clothing &
Merchandising businesses
- 22. 4.3 FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
19.7%- used External financing
03. EXTERNAL FINANCING
High interest rates – reasons for not applying
56.6%- Believe external financing is more available now
- 23. 4.4 CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS
CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS
59.2%- do not have a formal business plan
01. BUSINESS PLANNING
87.2%- make daily plans themselves
02. BOOKKEEPING
64.5%- maintain records themselves
50%- maintain daily records
- 24. 4.4 CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS
CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS
67.1%- have valid tax ID
03. TAX
67.9%- aware of VAT regulations
- 25. 4.4 CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS
CHALLENGES TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS
35.5%- have showrooms
04. BUSINESS EXPOSURE
3.9%- own showrooms
29.2%- promote business via friends and family
24.5%- promote business via word of mouth
0.5%- promote business via TVCs
- 27. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
63.2%- have moderate profit margins
01. PROFIT MARGIN
02. CROSS COMPARISON BETWEEN TYPE OF BUSINESS
AND PROFIT MARGIN
Clothing - moderate
Food - moderate
Beauty & grooming – between low and moderate
Event management–moderate
- 28. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
64.5%- had moderate expansion
03. BUSINESS EXPANSION
04. CROSS COMPARISON BETWEEN TYPE OF BUSINESS
AND BUSINESS EXPANSION RATE
Clothing - moderate
Food - moderate
Beauty & grooming –moderate
Event management–moderate
- 29. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
41.7%- received no support
05. EXTERNAL SUPPORT
19%- received networking support
16.7%- received financial support
- 30. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
05. OPINIONS ON FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
A. CAREER/PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT:
1 – NOT RELEVANT
2 – POOR
3 – QUITE GOOD
4 – GOOD
5 – EXCELLENT
3.66 – MEAN SCORE
0.917 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 31. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
05. OPINIONS ON FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
B. ABILITY TO USE INITIATIVE:
1 – NOT RELEVANT
2 – POOR
3 – QUITE GOOD
4 – GOOD
5 – EXCELLENT
3.88 – MEAN SCORE
0.799 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 32. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
05. OPINIONS ON FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
C. AUTHORITY OVER BUSINESS:
1 – NOT RELEVANT
2 – POOR
3 – QUITE GOOD
4 – GOOD
5 – EXCELLENT
4.03 – MEAN SCORE
0.923 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 33. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
05. OPINIONS ON FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
D. LEVEL OF COOPERATION FROM EMPLOYEES:
1 – NOT RELEVANT
2 – POOR
3 – QUITE GOOD
4 – GOOD
5 – EXCELLENT
3.82 – MEAN SCORE
0.890 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 34. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
05. OPINIONS ON FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
E. EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN:
1 – NOT RELEVANT
2 – POOR
3 – QUITE GOOD
4 – GOOD
5 – EXCELLENT
3.99 – MEAN SCORE
0.792 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 35. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
06. OPINIONS ON FACTORS SIGNIFICANT FOR BARRIERS
TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
A. MANAGEMENT SKILLS:
1 – NOT IMPORTANT
2 – SLIGHTLY IMPORTANT
3 – VERY IMPORTANT
2.61 – MEAN SCORE
0.544 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 36. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
06. OPINIONS ON FACTORS SIGNIFICANT FOR BARRIERS
TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
B. NETWORKING:
1 – NOT IMPORTANT
2 – SLIGHTLY IMPORTANT
3 – VERY IMPORTANT
2.61 – MEAN SCORE
0.544 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 37. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
06. OPINIONS ON FACTORS SIGNIFICANT FOR BARRIERS
TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
C. GENDER DISCRIMINATION:
1 – NOT IMPORTANT
2 – SLIGHTLY IMPORTANT
3 – VERY IMPORTANT
2.36 – MEAN SCORE
0.582 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 38. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
06. OPINIONS ON FACTORS SIGNIFICANT FOR BARRIERS
TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
D. FAITH IN WOMEN LEADERSHIP:
1 – NOT IMPORTANT
2 – SLIGHTLY IMPORTANT
3 – VERY IMPORTANT
2.58 – MEAN SCORE
0.548 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 39. 4.5 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHALLENGES
06. OPINIONS ON FACTORS SIGNIFICANT FOR BARRIERS
TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
E. WORK-LIFE BALANCE:
1 – NOT IMPORTANT
2 – SLIGHTLY IMPORTANT
3 – VERY IMPORTANT
2.70 – MEAN SCORE
0.462 – STANDARD DEVIATION
- 40. 5.0 CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
• GENERALLY POSITIVE SOCIETAL OUTLOOK
• WORK-LIFE BALANCE EXTREMELY
SIGNIFICANT CHALLENGE
• FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS HINDERING
EXPANSION
• MANAGERIAL EXPERTISE & INFORMATION
GAP AS AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT