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Mapping

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David Trengove
David Trengove

The document discusses the role of maps in GIS. It notes that maps are at the heart of how geographic information is organized and communicated using GIS. Maps portray different types of geographic data as layered collections that can be combined and analyzed. It emphasizes that unified map designs and shared maps and data across organizations are needed to support the evolution of GIS towards more web-based mapping applications. Community collaboration will be important for developing and sharing high-quality basemaps and operational layers.

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12/15/2010 1 The role of maps in GIS Technology Keynote Clint Brown ―Mapping‖ encompasses a lot • Traditional media – Paper maps – Imagery • New media – Web maps – Mobile maps – Geographic information People have learned to use and appreciate the value of “new media” maps, and GIS can exploit this
12/15/2010 2 People use maps for many activities To communicate and convey large amounts of information To find patterns Median Age Crime
12/15/2010 3 To view information over time To derive new information using analysis Malaria Predictions Heat map of crime Optimizing routes
12/15/2010 4 To communicate ideas, concepts, designs, … Sarah Ellingson To get status reports Operational dashboards Water utility operational dashboard Haiti Earthquake response BP Oil Blowout
12/15/2010 5 To compile geographic information Most GIS organizations compile and maintain information inventories (e.g., Hydrology, Soils, Geology, Transportation, Boundaries, Parcels, etc.) Maps are made from a series of layers • Layers represent logical collections (themes) of information – Roads, Trails, Surface Elevation, Hydro, . . . • The contents of each map are organized as a series of layers A map is a kind of geographic information model . . . . . . GIS is founded on map layer concepts
12/15/2010 6 There are many types of GIS map layers Multi-scale Basemaps Features Imagery Derived Layers (e.g., Model Results) Also: • 3D layers • Surface layers • Etc. Multi-scale Basemaps Basemap layers provide a framework and context for working with other map layers Topographic GeologyGeneral purpose city Parcels ImageryUtilities
12/15/2010 7 General Purpose City Map: Pasadena, California Basemaps Fused Base Map Basemap Sandwich Reference Overlay Theme Terrain Geology Imagery Hybrid Topographic Basemap
12/15/2010 8 Basemaps Using map sandwiches • Terrain underlay Basemaps Using map sandwiches • Reference overlay – Names, transportation, hydro, . . .
12/15/2010 9 Basemaps Using map sandwiches • Slide your theme into the sandwich – Population, Hydrology, Geology, Soils, Land use, Ecoregions, . . . Median Age Basemaps Using map sandwiches • Imagery Hybrid – Imagery plus Reference Overlay
12/15/2010 10 Types of layers Feature layers Assign symbols to attribute values (e.g., street class) . . . . . . and labels (e.g., street name) Portrayed using symbols, colors, and labels — based on attribute values . . . Feature shapes plus attributes Feature layers have information popups Layers as interactive reports Maps tell stories
12/15/2010 11 Feature layers have attachments Add photos and other documents to a feature . . . how features communicate rich information Feature layers Are used to compile and edit data • A Map Document has Layers • Layers have symbology and labels • Layers have Feature Templates for editing Example: • Geodatabase schema for parcels • Parcel fabric uses specialized topological rules for how elements fit together to form the parcel fabric
12/15/2010 12 Some layers are derived Geocoding layers Feature layer created from an address table Sensor layers Feature layers can be created for sensor networks Stream gauges Traffic cameras
12/15/2010 13 Image layers (Raster) • Individual image files • Mosaics: Collections of imagery used as integrated map layers Surface layers DEM Rasters Terrains (Multi-resolution Tins) Contours and Elevation Points Composite
12/15/2010 14 Derived layers Geoprocessing Results Derived layers for spatial analysis and to automate tasks (e.g., ETL) Areas within 2-, 4-, and 6-hours by truck Optimizing Travel Times Polygon overlay of flood plains on parcels Spatial statistics Suitability map Analytical Models ArcMap To create a map, you create layers and add them to your map The Table of Contents helps you to organize the layers in your map
12/15/2010 15 Layers encapsulate how you work with GIS datasets • How datasets are classified, symbolized, and labeled • How to view and work with feature attributes • How features are edited Feature editing templates HTML popupsAttribute table New in Version 10 Layer properties • Subsets (Queries) • Scale-dependent display • Joins and relates • Attribute fields – Alias names – Visible fields – Hidden fields – Display expressions • Time properties • Group layers Visible fields, expressions, captions, … Time Slider Editing templates
12/15/2010 16 • Your map helps you to – Compile and edit shared features – Define the visible map scales – Derive a new layer by analyzing information in other layers Can be saved and shared as map packages and layer packages ArcMap Map documents and layers encapsulate your knowledge Users share maps and layers Using ArcGIS Online Share Free Online Storage Desktop Users Groups Search / Use Map packages and Layer packages
12/15/2010 17 ArcGIS 10 • ArcGIS is about making, using, and sharing GIS maps and apps for many purposes Desktop Maps (MXD, MPK, MSD, LYR, LPK) Web Maps and Apps Mobile Maps and Apps ArcGIS is an online system for using geographic information everywhere A range of clients — GIS desktops, Web browsers, and mobile devices • Connected to maps and geographic information services from thousands of organizations worldwide – On local computers (and as files on disk) – Published as GIS Web services for use within an enterprise – Published and shared in the cloud
12/15/2010 18 GIS web maps A new kind of map that works on the web • Shared with everyone • Works everywhere – In browsers – Mobile devices – In custom apps – And in GIS desktops Web Maps Sharing GIS with everyone • There is a new map media called a web map • This is one of many map patterns for the web and is already widely used (e.g., by Google, Microsoft Bing, ArcGIS Online, etc.) • This pattern involves the use of multi-scale base maps plus operational overlays (mashups) • Each map is published as an open map service on the web – Published with multiple APIs: REST, SOAP, WMS, WCS, KML • A Web Map combines these in a common application • Simple HTML and Mobile APIs are used to assemble web applications that reference REST endpoints (URLs). • Only a few dozen lines of code are needed to create great web map apps • With ArcGIS Online, making a map is even easier (No web programming) Make a Web Map
12/15/2010 19 Web maps can be created and shared Web browser (ArcGIS.com) Create your Web map at ArcGIS.com and in Explorer Online Web maps can be shared ArcGIS Explorer Online
12/15/2010 20 Web maps can be shared Add notes and build presentations with Explorer Online Using maps to tell stories Web maps can be shared iPhone, iOS, Android, . . .
12/15/2010 21 Web maps can be shared Using Custom Apps Web APIs for Javascript, Flex, Silverlight, SharePoint, iOS, and Android Web maps can be shared ArcGIS Explorer Desktop Adding tasks for modeling and analysis
12/15/2010 22 Web maps can be shared ArcMap Web maps can be shared ArcMap Perform advanced work: Editing, Geoprocessing, Modeling, . . .
12/15/2010 23 How to create great web maps and apps Web Maps • A web map is a set of web map layers. • Each layer is based on a web map service. • A web map service in ArcGIS is published using a map document. • You author your web map layers as map documents in ArcMap and publish them as map services. • You combine a set of web map layers from multiple services in your web map application. There is a common pattern for web maps
12/15/2010 24 Creating a GIS Web Map A commonly used pattern 1. Multi-scale Basemap(s) 2. Operational Overlay(s) 3. Tools for working with each layer 4. A GIS app to bring this to life Building a multi-scale base map A series of related maps for each map scale Using ArcMap 1. Define map scales 2. Build a map for each map scale 3. Put the set of layers for each map scale in a group layer 4. Set scale-dependent drawing for each group layer 5. Generate a cached map service Optional: • Define Interactive feature reports • Locator
12/15/2010 25 Community Basemaps You don’t have to build it all yourself. Your map can be part of a community map. • You need a set of multi-scale base maps to accomplish your work • No user can assemble their complete map. You need contributions from other users as well • ESRI wants to support your efforts to build and publish your collective information as a series of great base maps A unified, harmonized series of basemaps authored and shared by the ArcGIS community Operational Layers The focused set of layers that users work with • Editing and data access layers • Observations, sensor feeds, incidents • Query results • Result layers that are derived from analytical models Earthquakes Inundation Areas & Affected Buildings Incidents, Customer Calls, Work Orders
12/15/2010 26 Operational layers • Put interesting data behind your maps. Use tools to reach into that data. ―What can you do with a single mouse-click?‖ • Maps as interactive reports enable you to simplify the cartography (e.g., fewer and simpler labels) Operational Layers are used for information access Layers as interactive, georeferenced reports Operational Overlay Basemap Sandwich Operational Overlay Base Map
12/15/2010 27 Simplest Report is Information Popup The most common layer report method • Avoid use of – Feature and Object IDs – Abbreviated / technical field names – Code values – Poorly formatted real numbers – Etc. Operational Layers Layers as interactive reports • Interactive reports are controlled by adding information to specific results columns in your geodatabase – Add columns with meaningful values to your feature tables – Populate report attributes for each feature Identify the audience. Focus on delivering information to help them do their work
12/15/2010 28 Operational Layers The focused set of layers that users work with • Include tools for rich operations – Examples • Calculate population within 100 miles of an earthquake • Show current stream flow • Project Planning Earthquakes Stream Flow Water Utility Plans Operational Layers Cartographic design is important • Good symbology and labels • Support for scale-dependent display Not relevant at these map scales
12/15/2010 29 Apps use basemaps plus operational overlays Out-of-the-box apps and custom apps • Operational layers require: – Cartographic design (e.g., scale-dependencies) – Popup Report Design – Tools to work with the layer’s content • Maps tell stories – Use Presentations in ArcGIS Explorer • Associate specific tools with each operational layer Map Tools Network map Directions Demographic map Information popup Parcel Editing Map (MPK) Parcel editing tools and workflow Animal Tracks (GPS) Time Slider Observations and Implications And random thoughts . . .
12/15/2010 30 Better maps are needed Key points • The GIS community builds and maintains important information sets • Maps – both 2D and 3D, are the way this geographic information is brought to life • However, most GIS professionals are not cartographers • But, … There is a GIS mapping ―community‖ – The mapping community can provide the designs and build map specifications for the rest of us for web delivery (i.e., templates) – The mapping community can share its designs and map templates – Users can import their data into these templates and publish maps on the Web
12/15/2010 31 Most GIS web maps and apps are too complicated Simplify and Streamline • One-size-fits-all Übermaps that contain many, many layers • Applications with (too) many options and toolbars and bells and whistles and the kitchen sink, etc. Identify your audience: Focused maps and apps • Individual organizations have their own maps • Independently designed map documents and geodatabases • Slow to deploy and adapt • Focus is on data formats and dataset sharing • Standards efforts are focused on this too. Clunky sharing and standards. GIS for everyone means your GIS must be relevant and vital Old ways of GIS are no longer sustainable Current Focus Future • Focused interactive maps that are mission-based • Transformation to shared web maps for delivery • Work together on common designs (Templates) • Use of Web maps for information access • Use of Web maps to communicate and tell stories • Simplify and streamline Maps and templates will play a critical role
12/15/2010 32 The ArcGIS Community will create and share great GIS maps and apps (Content) 1. ESRI is building some core maps – Imagery, streets, locators – Demographic and business maps 2. ESRI is engaging with our user communities on other strategic maps (collaborative) – Topographic map, Image map, Street map, Others 3. Many of you will create and share maps – Hosted at ArcGIS Online – User-managed Great map and app designs shared as templates Lessons learned • Group layers do a lot for your design (e.g., scale-dependent display, organizing information by theme, . . .) • Frequently, you’ll need maps to be more specific at larger map scales
12/15/2010 33 General Purpose Parcels Imagery Hybrid Utility Land Base Your information Lessons learned • Important to design maps and geodatabases in unison Leads to simpler data models that are streamlined
12/15/2010 34 Lessons learned • Leverage map content from other users – Use ―map sandwiches‖ for some base maps Lessons learned • Leverage map content from other users – Use ―map sandwiches‖ for some base maps
12/15/2010 35 Lessons learned • Leverage map content from other users – Design your maps to fit with others’ Lessons learned • Leverage map content from other users – Harmonize your maps to fit with others’ Community Basemap
12/15/2010 36 Lessons learned • Building the content is the hard work. • Creating the map is a fraction of the effort. • We all have something valuable (extremely valuable) to contribute Cambridge, MA and Harvard University • 12 hours of data processing • 90 minutes to cache • Seven map scales 1:36,000 to 1:1,000 Lessons learned GIS content is almost always better than consumer web maps • Up-to-date • Trusted & Understood • Authoritative • Known quality . . . and consumer web maps can improve through the use of GIS content
12/15/2010 37 Summary GIS is evolving to emphasize the role of maps How we communicate with GIS • Maps portray logical collections of geographic information as map layers • They are at the heart of how GIS is used • They provide an effective metaphor for modeling and organizing geographic information as a series of thematic layers Maps encapsulate everything we do with GIS
12/15/2010 38 The new Web GIS trend will require better maps and information • Will drive a resurgence in the need for high quality, up-to-date information • The traditional data compilation work of GIS professionals will be needed to meet this need • Web GIS deployments will lead to increased professional GIS work and sharing for – Data automation – Editing – Mapping – Analysis – Automation – 3D GIS – Map use A key goal in ArcGIS 10 is about meeting these needs Key points • Unified map designs are needed – Harmonized map views that can be mashed up together – Shared data schemas and maps across organizations – This leads to shared apps across organizations – Shared maps and apps are recognizable. Consumers can learn to use and apply familiar maps Synergy Crowd sourcing by the GIS community
12/15/2010 39 Base Maps plus Operational Overlays There are many types of ―base maps‖ • Consumer maps provide imagery and streets. These are important but do not provide the context for addressing all problems. • Additional web maps are needed to provide the context or framework for addressing a range of problems. • The GIS community must provide these base maps. • Very few web maps can be built by a single organization. • A collaborative effort is needed to bring our content together in a series of unified, harmonized, continuous basemaps. Thank You
12/15/2010 40 Useful Links • Download slides at: http://blogs.esri.com/Dev/blogs/arcgis – Look for BLOG article named ―Key talk on the role of maps . . .‖ • Help topics – The role of maps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/How_maps_are_used_in_GIS/ 00v200000016000000/ – ArcMap documents and Web maps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/ArcMap_documents_and_Web _maps/00v200000017000000/ – Web GIS concepts and implementation steps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/An_overview_of_Web_GIS/005 30000008r000000/ – Map Templates Gallery: http://resources.arcgis.com/content/maptemplates/about – Community Basemaps: http://resources.arcgis.com/content/community-basemap/about

More Related Content

Mapping

  • 1. 12/15/2010 1 The role of maps in GIS Technology Keynote Clint Brown ―Mapping‖ encompasses a lot • Traditional media – Paper maps – Imagery • New media – Web maps – Mobile maps – Geographic information People have learned to use and appreciate the value of “new media” maps, and GIS can exploit this
  • 2. 12/15/2010 2 People use maps for many activities To communicate and convey large amounts of information To find patterns Median Age Crime
  • 3. 12/15/2010 3 To view information over time To derive new information using analysis Malaria Predictions Heat map of crime Optimizing routes
  • 4. 12/15/2010 4 To communicate ideas, concepts, designs, … Sarah Ellingson To get status reports Operational dashboards Water utility operational dashboard Haiti Earthquake response BP Oil Blowout
  • 5. 12/15/2010 5 To compile geographic information Most GIS organizations compile and maintain information inventories (e.g., Hydrology, Soils, Geology, Transportation, Boundaries, Parcels, etc.) Maps are made from a series of layers • Layers represent logical collections (themes) of information – Roads, Trails, Surface Elevation, Hydro, . . . • The contents of each map are organized as a series of layers A map is a kind of geographic information model . . . . . . GIS is founded on map layer concepts
  • 6. 12/15/2010 6 There are many types of GIS map layers Multi-scale Basemaps Features Imagery Derived Layers (e.g., Model Results) Also: • 3D layers • Surface layers • Etc. Multi-scale Basemaps Basemap layers provide a framework and context for working with other map layers Topographic GeologyGeneral purpose city Parcels ImageryUtilities
  • 7. 12/15/2010 7 General Purpose City Map: Pasadena, California Basemaps Fused Base Map Basemap Sandwich Reference Overlay Theme Terrain Geology Imagery Hybrid Topographic Basemap
  • 8. 12/15/2010 8 Basemaps Using map sandwiches • Terrain underlay Basemaps Using map sandwiches • Reference overlay – Names, transportation, hydro, . . .
  • 9. 12/15/2010 9 Basemaps Using map sandwiches • Slide your theme into the sandwich – Population, Hydrology, Geology, Soils, Land use, Ecoregions, . . . Median Age Basemaps Using map sandwiches • Imagery Hybrid – Imagery plus Reference Overlay
  • 10. 12/15/2010 10 Types of layers Feature layers Assign symbols to attribute values (e.g., street class) . . . . . . and labels (e.g., street name) Portrayed using symbols, colors, and labels — based on attribute values . . . Feature shapes plus attributes Feature layers have information popups Layers as interactive reports Maps tell stories
  • 11. 12/15/2010 11 Feature layers have attachments Add photos and other documents to a feature . . . how features communicate rich information Feature layers Are used to compile and edit data • A Map Document has Layers • Layers have symbology and labels • Layers have Feature Templates for editing Example: • Geodatabase schema for parcels • Parcel fabric uses specialized topological rules for how elements fit together to form the parcel fabric
  • 12. 12/15/2010 12 Some layers are derived Geocoding layers Feature layer created from an address table Sensor layers Feature layers can be created for sensor networks Stream gauges Traffic cameras
  • 13. 12/15/2010 13 Image layers (Raster) • Individual image files • Mosaics: Collections of imagery used as integrated map layers Surface layers DEM Rasters Terrains (Multi-resolution Tins) Contours and Elevation Points Composite
  • 14. 12/15/2010 14 Derived layers Geoprocessing Results Derived layers for spatial analysis and to automate tasks (e.g., ETL) Areas within 2-, 4-, and 6-hours by truck Optimizing Travel Times Polygon overlay of flood plains on parcels Spatial statistics Suitability map Analytical Models ArcMap To create a map, you create layers and add them to your map The Table of Contents helps you to organize the layers in your map
  • 15. 12/15/2010 15 Layers encapsulate how you work with GIS datasets • How datasets are classified, symbolized, and labeled • How to view and work with feature attributes • How features are edited Feature editing templates HTML popupsAttribute table New in Version 10 Layer properties • Subsets (Queries) • Scale-dependent display • Joins and relates • Attribute fields – Alias names – Visible fields – Hidden fields – Display expressions • Time properties • Group layers Visible fields, expressions, captions, … Time Slider Editing templates
  • 16. 12/15/2010 16 • Your map helps you to – Compile and edit shared features – Define the visible map scales – Derive a new layer by analyzing information in other layers Can be saved and shared as map packages and layer packages ArcMap Map documents and layers encapsulate your knowledge Users share maps and layers Using ArcGIS Online Share Free Online Storage Desktop Users Groups Search / Use Map packages and Layer packages
  • 17. 12/15/2010 17 ArcGIS 10 • ArcGIS is about making, using, and sharing GIS maps and apps for many purposes Desktop Maps (MXD, MPK, MSD, LYR, LPK) Web Maps and Apps Mobile Maps and Apps ArcGIS is an online system for using geographic information everywhere A range of clients — GIS desktops, Web browsers, and mobile devices • Connected to maps and geographic information services from thousands of organizations worldwide – On local computers (and as files on disk) – Published as GIS Web services for use within an enterprise – Published and shared in the cloud
  • 18. 12/15/2010 18 GIS web maps A new kind of map that works on the web • Shared with everyone • Works everywhere – In browsers – Mobile devices – In custom apps – And in GIS desktops Web Maps Sharing GIS with everyone • There is a new map media called a web map • This is one of many map patterns for the web and is already widely used (e.g., by Google, Microsoft Bing, ArcGIS Online, etc.) • This pattern involves the use of multi-scale base maps plus operational overlays (mashups) • Each map is published as an open map service on the web – Published with multiple APIs: REST, SOAP, WMS, WCS, KML • A Web Map combines these in a common application • Simple HTML and Mobile APIs are used to assemble web applications that reference REST endpoints (URLs). • Only a few dozen lines of code are needed to create great web map apps • With ArcGIS Online, making a map is even easier (No web programming) Make a Web Map
  • 19. 12/15/2010 19 Web maps can be created and shared Web browser (ArcGIS.com) Create your Web map at ArcGIS.com and in Explorer Online Web maps can be shared ArcGIS Explorer Online
  • 20. 12/15/2010 20 Web maps can be shared Add notes and build presentations with Explorer Online Using maps to tell stories Web maps can be shared iPhone, iOS, Android, . . .
  • 21. 12/15/2010 21 Web maps can be shared Using Custom Apps Web APIs for Javascript, Flex, Silverlight, SharePoint, iOS, and Android Web maps can be shared ArcGIS Explorer Desktop Adding tasks for modeling and analysis
  • 22. 12/15/2010 22 Web maps can be shared ArcMap Web maps can be shared ArcMap Perform advanced work: Editing, Geoprocessing, Modeling, . . .
  • 23. 12/15/2010 23 How to create great web maps and apps Web Maps • A web map is a set of web map layers. • Each layer is based on a web map service. • A web map service in ArcGIS is published using a map document. • You author your web map layers as map documents in ArcMap and publish them as map services. • You combine a set of web map layers from multiple services in your web map application. There is a common pattern for web maps
  • 24. 12/15/2010 24 Creating a GIS Web Map A commonly used pattern 1. Multi-scale Basemap(s) 2. Operational Overlay(s) 3. Tools for working with each layer 4. A GIS app to bring this to life Building a multi-scale base map A series of related maps for each map scale Using ArcMap 1. Define map scales 2. Build a map for each map scale 3. Put the set of layers for each map scale in a group layer 4. Set scale-dependent drawing for each group layer 5. Generate a cached map service Optional: • Define Interactive feature reports • Locator
  • 25. 12/15/2010 25 Community Basemaps You don’t have to build it all yourself. Your map can be part of a community map. • You need a set of multi-scale base maps to accomplish your work • No user can assemble their complete map. You need contributions from other users as well • ESRI wants to support your efforts to build and publish your collective information as a series of great base maps A unified, harmonized series of basemaps authored and shared by the ArcGIS community Operational Layers The focused set of layers that users work with • Editing and data access layers • Observations, sensor feeds, incidents • Query results • Result layers that are derived from analytical models Earthquakes Inundation Areas & Affected Buildings Incidents, Customer Calls, Work Orders
  • 26. 12/15/2010 26 Operational layers • Put interesting data behind your maps. Use tools to reach into that data. ―What can you do with a single mouse-click?‖ • Maps as interactive reports enable you to simplify the cartography (e.g., fewer and simpler labels) Operational Layers are used for information access Layers as interactive, georeferenced reports Operational Overlay Basemap Sandwich Operational Overlay Base Map
  • 27. 12/15/2010 27 Simplest Report is Information Popup The most common layer report method • Avoid use of – Feature and Object IDs – Abbreviated / technical field names – Code values – Poorly formatted real numbers – Etc. Operational Layers Layers as interactive reports • Interactive reports are controlled by adding information to specific results columns in your geodatabase – Add columns with meaningful values to your feature tables – Populate report attributes for each feature Identify the audience. Focus on delivering information to help them do their work
  • 28. 12/15/2010 28 Operational Layers The focused set of layers that users work with • Include tools for rich operations – Examples • Calculate population within 100 miles of an earthquake • Show current stream flow • Project Planning Earthquakes Stream Flow Water Utility Plans Operational Layers Cartographic design is important • Good symbology and labels • Support for scale-dependent display Not relevant at these map scales
  • 29. 12/15/2010 29 Apps use basemaps plus operational overlays Out-of-the-box apps and custom apps • Operational layers require: – Cartographic design (e.g., scale-dependencies) – Popup Report Design – Tools to work with the layer’s content • Maps tell stories – Use Presentations in ArcGIS Explorer • Associate specific tools with each operational layer Map Tools Network map Directions Demographic map Information popup Parcel Editing Map (MPK) Parcel editing tools and workflow Animal Tracks (GPS) Time Slider Observations and Implications And random thoughts . . .
  • 30. 12/15/2010 30 Better maps are needed Key points • The GIS community builds and maintains important information sets • Maps – both 2D and 3D, are the way this geographic information is brought to life • However, most GIS professionals are not cartographers • But, … There is a GIS mapping ―community‖ – The mapping community can provide the designs and build map specifications for the rest of us for web delivery (i.e., templates) – The mapping community can share its designs and map templates – Users can import their data into these templates and publish maps on the Web
  • 31. 12/15/2010 31 Most GIS web maps and apps are too complicated Simplify and Streamline • One-size-fits-all Übermaps that contain many, many layers • Applications with (too) many options and toolbars and bells and whistles and the kitchen sink, etc. Identify your audience: Focused maps and apps • Individual organizations have their own maps • Independently designed map documents and geodatabases • Slow to deploy and adapt • Focus is on data formats and dataset sharing • Standards efforts are focused on this too. Clunky sharing and standards. GIS for everyone means your GIS must be relevant and vital Old ways of GIS are no longer sustainable Current Focus Future • Focused interactive maps that are mission-based • Transformation to shared web maps for delivery • Work together on common designs (Templates) • Use of Web maps for information access • Use of Web maps to communicate and tell stories • Simplify and streamline Maps and templates will play a critical role
  • 32. 12/15/2010 32 The ArcGIS Community will create and share great GIS maps and apps (Content) 1. ESRI is building some core maps – Imagery, streets, locators – Demographic and business maps 2. ESRI is engaging with our user communities on other strategic maps (collaborative) – Topographic map, Image map, Street map, Others 3. Many of you will create and share maps – Hosted at ArcGIS Online – User-managed Great map and app designs shared as templates Lessons learned • Group layers do a lot for your design (e.g., scale-dependent display, organizing information by theme, . . .) • Frequently, you’ll need maps to be more specific at larger map scales
  • 33. 12/15/2010 33 General Purpose Parcels Imagery Hybrid Utility Land Base Your information Lessons learned • Important to design maps and geodatabases in unison Leads to simpler data models that are streamlined
  • 34. 12/15/2010 34 Lessons learned • Leverage map content from other users – Use ―map sandwiches‖ for some base maps Lessons learned • Leverage map content from other users – Use ―map sandwiches‖ for some base maps
  • 35. 12/15/2010 35 Lessons learned • Leverage map content from other users – Design your maps to fit with others’ Lessons learned • Leverage map content from other users – Harmonize your maps to fit with others’ Community Basemap
  • 36. 12/15/2010 36 Lessons learned • Building the content is the hard work. • Creating the map is a fraction of the effort. • We all have something valuable (extremely valuable) to contribute Cambridge, MA and Harvard University • 12 hours of data processing • 90 minutes to cache • Seven map scales 1:36,000 to 1:1,000 Lessons learned GIS content is almost always better than consumer web maps • Up-to-date • Trusted & Understood • Authoritative • Known quality . . . and consumer web maps can improve through the use of GIS content
  • 37. 12/15/2010 37 Summary GIS is evolving to emphasize the role of maps How we communicate with GIS • Maps portray logical collections of geographic information as map layers • They are at the heart of how GIS is used • They provide an effective metaphor for modeling and organizing geographic information as a series of thematic layers Maps encapsulate everything we do with GIS
  • 38. 12/15/2010 38 The new Web GIS trend will require better maps and information • Will drive a resurgence in the need for high quality, up-to-date information • The traditional data compilation work of GIS professionals will be needed to meet this need • Web GIS deployments will lead to increased professional GIS work and sharing for – Data automation – Editing – Mapping – Analysis – Automation – 3D GIS – Map use A key goal in ArcGIS 10 is about meeting these needs Key points • Unified map designs are needed – Harmonized map views that can be mashed up together – Shared data schemas and maps across organizations – This leads to shared apps across organizations – Shared maps and apps are recognizable. Consumers can learn to use and apply familiar maps Synergy Crowd sourcing by the GIS community
  • 39. 12/15/2010 39 Base Maps plus Operational Overlays There are many types of ―base maps‖ • Consumer maps provide imagery and streets. These are important but do not provide the context for addressing all problems. • Additional web maps are needed to provide the context or framework for addressing a range of problems. • The GIS community must provide these base maps. • Very few web maps can be built by a single organization. • A collaborative effort is needed to bring our content together in a series of unified, harmonized, continuous basemaps. Thank You
  • 40. 12/15/2010 40 Useful Links • Download slides at: http://blogs.esri.com/Dev/blogs/arcgis – Look for BLOG article named ―Key talk on the role of maps . . .‖ • Help topics – The role of maps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/How_maps_are_used_in_GIS/ 00v200000016000000/ – ArcMap documents and Web maps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/ArcMap_documents_and_Web _maps/00v200000017000000/ – Web GIS concepts and implementation steps: http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#/An_overview_of_Web_GIS/005 30000008r000000/ – Map Templates Gallery: http://resources.arcgis.com/content/maptemplates/about – Community Basemaps: http://resources.arcgis.com/content/community-basemap/about