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I am using a custom nature.bst file for writing a Springer journal and getting the above Error for the references.

> %%\documentclass[sn-nature]{sn-jnl}% Style for submissions to Nature Portfolio journals
%%\documentclass[sn-basic]{sn-jnl}% Basic Springer Nature Reference Style/Chemistry Reference Style
%%documentclass[sn-mathphys,Numbered]{sn-jnl}% Math and Physical Sciences Reference Style
%%\documentclass[sn-aps]{sn-jnl}% American Physical Society (APS) Reference Style
%%\documentclass[sn-vancouver,Numbered]{sn-jnl}% Vancouver Reference Style
%%\documentclass[sn-apa]{sn-jnl}% APA Reference Style 
%%\documentclass[sn-chicago]{sn-jnl}% Chicago-based Humanities Reference Style
%%\documentclass[default]{sn-jnl}% Default
\documentclass[default,iicol]{sn-jnl}% Default with double column layout
\begin{document}
\bibliographystyle{sn-nature.bst}
\bibliography{sn-bibliography}% common bib file
%% if required, the content of .bbl file can be included here once bbl is generated
%%\input sn-article.bbl
\end{document}"

here are the entries in the bibliography file

     @article{vajpayee2023medical,
        title={Medical image fusion by adaptive Gaussian PCNN and improved Roberts operator},
        author={Vajpayee, Pravesh and Panigrahy, Chinmaya and Kumar, Anil},
        journal={Signal, Image and Video Processing},
        pages={1--9},
        year={2023},
        publisher={Springer}}
    @inproceedings{narmadha2022detection,
        title={Detection of Human Brain Tumor by Medical Image Processing and PCA Based Image Fusion},
        author={Narmadha, M and Arthi, L and Narmatha, T},
        booktitle={2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Mobile Networks and Wireless Communications (ICMNWC)},
        pages={1--5},
        year={2022},
        organization={IEEE}
    }
    @article{zuo2017airborne,
        title={Airborne infrared and visible image fusion combined with region segmentation},
        author={Zuo, Yujia and Liu, Jinghong and Bai, Guanbing and Wang, Xuan and Sun, Mingchao},
        journal={Sensors},
        volume={17},
        number={5},
        pages={1127},
        year={2017},
        publisher={MDPI}
    }
    
    @article{muller2009cognitively,
        title={Cognitively-engineered multisensor image fusion for military applications},
        author={Muller, Amanda C and Narayanan, S},
        journal={Information Fusion},
        volume={10},
        number={2},
        pages={137--149},
        year={2009},
        publisher={Elsevier}
    }
@inproceedings{ram2017deepfuse,
    title={Deepfuse: A deep unsupervised approach for exposure fusion with extreme exposure image pairs},
    author={Ram Prabhakar, K and Sai Srikar, V and Venkatesh Babu, R},
    booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision},
    pages={4714--4722},
    year={2017}
}

@inproceedings{li2018infrared,
    title={Infrared and visible image fusion using a deep learning framework},
    author={Li, Hui and Wu, Xiao-Jun and Kittler, Josef},
    booktitle={2018 24th international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR)},
    pages={2705--2710},
    year={2018},
    organization={IEEE}
}

The references are shown in the bibliography but I want to resolve the following warning. I noticed the error is only generated for the bibtex with @inproceedings. What can be the alternatives?

This is BibTeX, Version 0.99d (TeX Live 2022) 
Capacity: max_strings=200000, hash_size=200000, hash_prime=170003 
The top-level auxiliary file: output.aux 
The style file: sn-nature.bst.bst 
Database file #1: sn-bibliography.bib 
You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry narmadha2022detection while executing---line 1702 of file sn-nature.bst.bst 
You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry liu2022target while executing---line 1702 of file sn-nature.bst.bst 
You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry ram2017deepfuse while executing---line 1702 of file sn-nature.bst.bst 
You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry li2018infrared while executing---line 1702 of file sn-nature.bst.bst 
You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry dutta2023seeing while executing---line 1702 of file sn-nature.bst.bst 
You can't pop an empty literal stack for entry xue2022object while executing---line 1702 of file sn-nature.bst.bst 
Warning--empty journal in Toet2022 

sn-nature.bst

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  • Welcome to TeX.SE.
    – Mico
    Commented Sep 6, 2023 at 6:12
  • Off-topic: You should change \bibliographystyle{sn-nature.bst} to \bibliographystyle{sn-nature}, i.e., omit the filename extension. And, it look like the Toet2022 is missing the journal field. (Or should the entry maybe not be of type @article?)
    – Mico
    Commented Sep 6, 2023 at 6:12
  • @Mico @article{Toet2022, author = "Alexander Toet", title = "{TNO Image Fusion Dataset}", year = "2022", month = "10", url = "figshare.com/articles/dataset/TNO_Image_Fusion_Dataset/1008029", doi = "10.6084/m9.figshare.1008029.v2" }
    – AnkanBan
    Commented Sep 6, 2023 at 6:18
  • @Mico The error continues to show up still.
    – AnkanBan
    Commented Sep 6, 2023 at 6:19
  • It’s wrong to use the @article entry type for the Toet2022 entry. Try the @misc entry type instead.
    – Mico
    Commented Sep 6, 2023 at 7:39

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