The installed ImageMagick (6.9.11-60) on your system is too out of date.
Update to a more recent version of ImageMagick like version 7.1.1-25.
This appears to work fine in my version ImageMagick (7.1.1-25) that is installed via Homebrew on macOS 14.2.1 on a MacBook Air (M2; 2022). Below is the output of the exact same ImageMagick command as you shared:
convert -delay 10 sample.webp -loop 0 -layers optimize animation.gif
My guess is your ImageMagick (6.9.11-60) is just too out of date to properly handle WEBP animations since WEBP is a very new image format and is in very active development.
![enter image description here](https://cdn.statically.io/img/i.sstatic.net/IEUok.gif)
Here is how the same exact command works with the Rainbow Nyan cat image you shared. Looks fine to me! (Note: That Nyan cat is a GIF that was converted from a WEBP; please ignore the message in its graphic text.)
![enter image description here](https://cdn.statically.io/img/i.sstatic.net/ogxTV.gif)