How to expand ubuntu server root storage?

Question

I have a windows server inside of which there's an Ubuntu 22.10 server, more space was given to VM of Ubuntu. But inside of Ubuntu, when I connect through SSH, it shows that it's still the same size. So I guess it's because I need to manually add this new space to root partition. How do I do it using terminal? Since I connect through SSH, I don't have access to gui. My disks look like this now:

sda                         8:0    0    50G  0 disk 
├─sda1                      8:1    0     1M  0 part 
├─sda2                      8:2    0     2G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                      8:3    0    48G  0 part 
  └─ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 253:0    0  11.5G  0 lvm  /

How do I add more space to sda3? Or it's impossible to do through ssh and should be done through Windows Server somehow? I tried this command but it didn't work:

$ sudo resize2fs /sda3 4G
resize2fs 1.46.5 (30-Dec-2021)
open: No such file or directory while opening /sda3

I tried this command, it also didn't work:

$ sudo lvresize --verbose --resizefs -L +2G "/dev/sda3/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv"
  VG name on command line not found in list of VGs: sda3
  Volume group "sda3" not found
  Cannot process volume group sda3

sudo lvresize --verbose --resizefs -L +2G /dev/sda3
  "/dev/sda3": Invalid path for Logical Volume.
  Run `lvresize --help' for more information.

Answer 1

Okay, this helped me: To add more space to the Ubuntu partition (/) inside the LVM volume group (ubuntu-vg) on Ubuntu VM running within a Windows Server host, you need to follow these steps:

1. Resize the Partition: Once the virtual disk is larger, you need to resize the partition (sda3) to occupy the additional space. You can use the fdisk or parted utility to do this:

   • If you're using fdisk, run:

     sudo fdisk /dev/sda
     

     Then, delete and recreate partition 3 (sda3) with the new size, making sure it covers the entire available space. After making the changes, save and exit.

   • If you're using parted, run:

     sudo parted /dev/sda
     (parted) resizepart 3
     

     Follow the prompts to resize the partition to occupy the entire available space.

2. Resize the LVM Physical Volume: Now that the partition is resized, you need to resize the LVM Physical Volume (PV) to recognize the increased space. Run the following command:

   sudo pvresize /dev/sda3
   

3. Extend the Logical Volume (LV): After resizing the PV, you can extend the LV (/dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv) to use the newly available space. Use the lvextend command:

   sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
   

   This command extends the LV to use 100% of the available free space in the VG.

4. Resize the Filesystem: Finally, you should resize the filesystem to utilize the newly allocated space:

   sudo resize2fs /dev/ubuntu-vg/ubuntu-lv
   

   This command resizes the filesystem to match the size of the LV.

After completing these steps, your Ubuntu partition should have been successfully resized to utilize the additional space.

Answer 2

You cannot shrink/edit a partition if any of the partitions on the disk are mounted.

The simplest method might be to specify as the DVD of the VM an ISO containing a bootable partition editor, perhaps GParted. Boot the VM from this DVD and resize the partition to fill up the allocated additional space. Shutdown the VM, remove the ISO and reboot.

I would suggest taking a backup copy of the VM itself before doing this procedure.

For more information see the post
How do I resize partitions using command line without using a GUI on a server?

Note that there are some file-systems that allow resize when the partition is mounted, such as LVM and btrfs. If this is your case, you will find the required commands in the above post.

Answer 3

In the first step, you can simply write sudo parted -s -a opt /dev/sda "resizepart 3 100%"