Picking a Lenovo laptop at random and looking at the specifications page:
AC Adapter / Power Supply
65W USB-C Slim 3pin AC Adapter - UK
So it is safe to say that the USB C port supports at least 65W PD.
You should look at your manufacturer support pages and manual to determine what adaptors are supported.
You might be able to use a program such as Battery Information View to see how fast your battery is charging, but bear in mind that most of the time your laptop will be both charging and using the power to actually work so you will only see half the drain from the adaptor.
If you want to know how much power is actually being taken then you will need a USB power meter of some kind that takes in power from your adaptor and can pass it through to your laptop. Something like this USB power tester
As far as I know there is no way to "read" a port to find out what it supports. Everything is down to the battery charging circuitry to accept power and that circuitry is a black box that just takes in power and either charges the battery or powers the laptop.