Unable to Detect Size of Brand new Hard Disk

Question

I just purchased a 8TB hard drive today.

I just put it in my USB enclosure.

fdisk -l did see the device:

Disk /dev/sdc: 1404.5 GB, 1404493455360 bytes, 2743151280 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

But the size isn't right that fdisk thinks it has only 1.4TB.

df also can't recognize the size correctly:

$ df /dev/sdc
Filesystem     1K-blocks  Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs         8078104     0   8078104   0% /dev

Then, I ran sudo fdisk /dev/sdc to try to delete all partitions (and there was none) and create a new one:

Command (m for help): d
No partition is defined yet!

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-2743151279, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-2743151279, default 2743151279): 
Using default value 2743151279
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 1.3 TiB is set

Any idea why 6.5TB is missing? How can I get them back?

Thanks!

Update #1: Followed James' suggestion, and smartctl did show 8TB. So only the 2nd question remains -- how to get them back?

smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.10.0-862.2.3.el7.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     HGST HDN728080ALE604
Serial Number:    ........
LU WWN Device Id: ........
Firmware Version: A4GNW91X
User Capacity:    8,001,563,222,016 bytes [8.00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    7200 rpm
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 3.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Fri Feb 15 20:29:41 2019
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x80) Offline data collection activity
                    was never started.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever 
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:        (  101) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:            (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    No Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:    (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:    (1184) minutes.
SCT capabilities:          (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   016    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   100   100   054    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0007   100   100   024    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   005    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   067    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   100   100   020    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   060    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       4
 22 Unknown_Attribute       0x0023   100   100   025    Pre-fail  Always       -       100
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       6
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       6
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0002   222   222   000    Old_age   Always       -       27 (Min/Max 23/33)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0008   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x000a   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged.  [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]


SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

Update #2: Now, I directly connects to the HDD instead of through USB + enclosure. fdisk shows the correct total size of 8TB:

Disk /dev/sdc: 8001.6 GB, 8001563222016 bytes, 15628053168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

However, df still shows only 1.22TB:

$ df
Filesystem           1K-blocks     Used  Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdc            1349915988    77848 1281242976   1% /run/media/myuser/xyz

Here is what /proc/partitions has:

$ sudo grep sdc /proc/partitions 
   8       32 7814026584 sdc

Any idea?

Answer 1

Your USB enclose only supports 32-bit LBA. This is not enough for drives larger than 2 TiB.

According to smartctl, your drive is 8,001,563,222,016 bytes, which means 15,628,053,168 512-byte sectors. Your USB enclose, however, reports 2,743,151,280 sectors. If we take a look at the binary representation, the issue is obvious:

15,628,053,168 = 11 1010 0011 1000 0001 0010 1010 1011 0000
 2,743,151,280 =    1010 0011 1000 0001 0010 1010 1011 0000

Get a new, modern, USB enclose. A firmware update may be able to help, but there’s probably none available.

Answer 2

You'll want to run smartctl to show the device information:

smartctl -a /dev/sdc

(If smartctl isn't installed, then you need to do yum install smartmontools)

This should show you output containing an "INFORMATION SECTION" at the top, which should contain (amongst other things) the manufacturer, model and serial number - for example:

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Western Digital Red
Device Model:     WDC WD60EFRX-68L0BN1
Serial Number:    ...elided...
LU WWN Device Id: ...elided...
Firmware Version: 82.00A82
User Capacity:    6,001,175,126,016 bytes [6.00 TB]

If this doesn't show what you're expecting, then it's either not an 8TB drive, or you're looking at the wrong drive perhaps?