"It depends" is about the best you are going to get.
It depends entirely on what the PD charger can put out, how intelligent the adaptor is to be able to select the right output from the PD charger and how tolerant the laptop is of "random" adaptors. Some laptops expect just a dumb power supply, others expect some simple communication or power select method.
A laptop expecting 12V might not like receiving 15 or 20 from an adaptor that is configured wrongly, or simply might not work if the adaptor fails to negotiate with the PD charger and received only 5V. 5V is all that a PD charger will put out if the USB device being plugged in fails to communicate. It might put out 9V if it thinks there is a fast charging phone, but don't count on it.
A tiny microcontroller could in theory talk to the PD charger to select 12V, 15V or 20V if available, so maybe an intelligent adaptor that knows what the laptop expects could work.
It's not down to the laptop to tell the PD charger what it wants, it's down to the $0.50 piece of plastic between your charger and your laptop and just how much faith you have in the old adage "you get what you paid for".
It depends.
If you want to use your USB C charger with confidence then you need a laptop that supports USB C charging.