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When I create a new application on Google Cloud App Engine, these buckets in Google Storage show up as well (where yyy is my app's name):

eu.artifacts.yyy.appspot.com
staging.yyy.appspot.com
yyy.appspot.com

What do they do exactly ?

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From the official documentation Using Cloud Storage for App Engine:

When you create an app, App Engine creates a default bucket that provides the first 5GB of storage for free. The default bucket also includes a free quota for Cloud Storage I/O operations. See Pricing, quotas, and limits for details. You will be charged for storage over the 5GB limit.

The name of the default bucket is in the following format:

project-id.appspot.com

App Engine also creates a bucket that it uses for temporary storage when it deploys new versions of your app. This bucket, named staging.project-id.appspot.com, is for use by App Engine only. Apps can't interact with this bucket.

eu.artifacts.yyy.appspot.com is your container registry bucket

Your Container Registry bucket URL will be listed as gs://artifacts.[PROJECT-ID].appspot.com or gs://[STORAGE-REGION].artifacts.[PROJECT-ID].appspot.com, where:

[PROJECT-ID] is your Google Cloud Console project ID. Domain-scoped projects will have the domain name as part of the project ID. [STORAGE-REGION] is the location of the storage bucket: us for registries in the host us.gcr.io eu for registries in the host eu.gcr.io asia for registries in the host asia.gcr.io

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Each of these buckets are for App Engine build and temporary artifacts.

Example: App Engine also creates a bucket that it uses for temporary storage when it deploys new versions of your app. This bucket, named staging.project-id.appspot.com, is for use by App Engine only. Apps can't interact with this bucket.

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