When I create a new application on Google Cloud App Engine, these buckets in Google Storage show up as well (where yyy is my app's name):
eu.artifacts.yyy.appspot.com
staging.yyy.appspot.com
yyy.appspot.com
What do they do exactly ?
From the official documentation Using Cloud Storage for App Engine:
When you create an app, App Engine creates a default bucket that provides the first 5GB of storage for free. The default bucket also includes a free quota for Cloud Storage I/O operations. See Pricing, quotas, and limits for details. You will be charged for storage over the 5GB limit.
The name of the default bucket is in the following format:
project-id.appspot.com
App Engine also creates a bucket that it uses for temporary storage when it deploys new versions of your app. This bucket, named staging.project-id.appspot.com, is for use by App Engine only. Apps can't interact with this bucket.
eu.artifacts.yyy.appspot.com is your container registry bucket
Your Container Registry bucket URL will be listed as gs://artifacts.[PROJECT-ID].appspot.com or gs://[STORAGE-REGION].artifacts.[PROJECT-ID].appspot.com, where:
[PROJECT-ID] is your Google Cloud Console project ID. Domain-scoped projects will have the domain name as part of the project ID. [STORAGE-REGION] is the location of the storage bucket: us for registries in the host us.gcr.io eu for registries in the host eu.gcr.io asia for registries in the host asia.gcr.io
Each of these buckets are for App Engine build and temporary artifacts.
Example: App Engine also creates a bucket that it uses for temporary storage when it deploys new versions of your app. This bucket, named staging.project-id.appspot.com, is for use by App Engine only. Apps can't interact with this bucket.