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In Apache Kafka Documentation they use keyword PLAINTEXT as a protocol in many default settings:

e.g. listeners=PLAINTEXT://broker1:9091,SSL://broker1:9092

Does it represent just a default non-SSL protocol and if so, why they use PLAINTEXT keyword for that?

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The docs for listeners states:

Comma-separated list of URIs we will listen on and the listener names. If the listener name is not a security protocol, listener.security.protocol.map must also be set.

So PLAINTEXT in your example is the security protocol used on the listener. You can find the list of supported protocols and their respective meanings in the SecurityProtocol Javadocs.

PLAINTEXT means the listener will be without authentication and non-encrypted.

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