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Motivation
I just observed that "Denethor", the human steward who thought himself king has all the same letters as the word "dethrone" which is what he intended to do to Aragorn, what he attempted to do to his son Faramir, and what was done to him.

Its a complete, 8-letter, anagram for an English word, all letters retained.

Denethor = Dethrone

There are two, and only two words that it maps to. Dethrone and threnode. Threnode is a song of lamentation, often for funeral. Dethrone is to remove from a place of power and prominence.

More explorations:

Frodo maps exclusively to Fordo, which means "to do away with or destroy", and "to overcome fatigue". Frodo is defined as the ringbearer who brought the ring to Mordor to destroy it. These are consistent with the character arc.

Similarly Samwise maps to one and only one English word: Swamies. Which is the plural of swamy, a Hindu religious teacher. This is a neutral case, because the intent is not clear.

Meriadoc maps to coadmire and racemoid which are "admire together" and "pertaining to a raceme" (which is something in botany) respectively. This potentially counts as another neutral example.

Aragorn maps to "angora", "garron", and "organa" which are respectively a silky hair, a small sturdy workhorse, and either a system of rules for scientific study or the doubling of a melody at an interval or second part. The fun (but stretchy) part here is the hair of Tinuviel was angora that drew Beren, and there is parallel between Aragorn and Arwen in that, and it was the song he sang at weathertop.

Elrond only maps to rondel, which is medieval form of verse in 11-14 lines with two rhymes. It might have been more French than English. It is arguably a counter-example.

Arwen maps only to Rewan, which means re-win, or "to win again". She won Frodo back from the wraiths. She won her way to Aragorn from her path to the ships, and she gave him the key to the second critical victory against the darkness that at the siege of Gondor. The line of Aragorn and Arwen wins another age of life for mankind.

Isildur maps to silurid, which is a family of catfishes. I know he died with catfishes in the Anduin after being shot with an orc arrow.

Gondolin maps only to "noodling" which at the time meant improvising on a musical instrument. Another counter-example.

Gondor maps to drongo, which is a simpleton.
Thengel maps to gentle or length.
Theodred maps to dehorted, which is the past tense of trying to dissuade, or a synonym to dissuaded.

Isengard maps to deraigns, gradines, and readings which are to dispute a claim, a series of steps raised one above another, and material that is read on an instrument (palantir)?

Angmar maps only to ragman.

Smaug maps to gaums, magus, and sagum which mean to smudge with gunk, a magician, and a cloak worn by roman soldiers.

Anduin maps only to induna, a tribal overseer in African Bantu societies.

Ingwe maps to Gwine which is the verb "to move along".

thoughts:
I would like to have a sense of whether this is intentional or clever accident, and if it occurs multiple times, especially in multiple books, that would suggestion intentional.

What other names of characters in LotR or Silmarilion work like this, where anagrammatical words define their broad character arc and integration into the plot?

One of my challenges here is that Tolkien was a language professor at University of Leeds, at Pembroke College, and was the Merton professor of English Language and Literature. He translated Beowulf, and knew language like very few. The words may be isomorphic in languages other than American English. If there is a mapping there I wouldn't be able to recognize it.

If there is a clustering of languages for which the isomorphisms are valid, then maybe it indicates the nation on earth that he saw as being similar to the nation in Arda.

Is there any evidence that this was intentional (or at least other examples that make it clear that this is what Tolkien intended) that can be shown?

UPDATE:
I saw this online.

And this:
enter image description here

EdiTH TolkIEN -> __ th ien
It suggests a variant anagram.

To think about: Tinúviel

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    Anagram words aren't super rare. "So about 14% of words are an anagram of at least one other word." johndcook.com/blog/2019/11/13/anagram-frequency Commented Aug 18, 2022 at 19:11
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    Don't stop there, there are 746 named characters in the three main works. Worth noting that he was a professor of Anglo Saxon and polyglot, including 4 constructed languages - before he became a writer even. Commented Aug 19, 2022 at 6:54
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    Note that the name may predate LotR; in-universe, it was the name of the leader of the Green Elves when they entered Beleriand, some 6000 years before LotR. Out-of-universe, it's not clear which character the name was applied to first. (The Elven leader may have existed under a different name before Tolkien settled on "Denethor"; whether this happened before or after LotR was written is hard to establish, at least without a more thorough reading of several volumes of HoME than I've done.)
    – chepner
    Commented Aug 19, 2022 at 12:09
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    Smaug for example non-anagram theory tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Smaug "from the same Old English and Germanic roots as smial and Smeagol, the name Smaug is "the past tense of the primitive Germanic verb Smugan, to squeeze through a hole". It has been suggested that Tolkien likely thought of Old English smeag, a word used to describe a "worm"" Commented Aug 29, 2022 at 1:02
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    It occures to me that he could have used his third given name in the following way: Reu-El is Hebrew where El-means god, then Eru (Quenya for "The One") is an anagram of Reu. So he could have hidden the name of the subcreator of his sub-creation in that way. One needs then to argue that the name for God, must have been earlier devised than the names for numbers in Q, which at least to me seems plausible. Commented May 27 at 10:34

1 Answer 1

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Probably not. It's always hard to prove that something doesn't exist (just ask Andrew Wiles), but Tolkien's work has been read and studied in detail since its publication and many of his notes and early drafts have been published. As far as I am aware, nobody has noticed any cases where

anagrammatical words define their [characters'] broad character arc and integration into the plot

(Nor has anyone noticed any other substantive tricks based on anagrams, as far as I know.) This includes Tolkien's son Christopher, who compiled the History of Middle Earth series. There is also the fact that you have tried quite hard to find such cases, and failed to do so. Most of your examples are extremely weak and tenuous (e.g. Ingwe -> gwine --- so what?). The only case I can see that comes close is Denethor -> dethrone, but even that is flawed. You write that this

is what he intended to do to Aragorn, what he attempted to do to his son Faramir, and what was done to him

but Denethor didn't sit on the throne, nor would Faramir ever have done so. Had he lived, Denethor may have acted to prevent Aragorn taking the throne (he suggests as much in The Pyre of Denethor), but that's not dethroning him; you can't dethrone someone who doesn't have a throne.

Finally, note that your Arwen example is completely wrong. She played no role in rescuing Frodo from the wraiths; this is a film invention by writers who did not create her name.

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