The question you mentioned is just talking about cleric domains. Like other rulebooks, campaign setting books often introduce new domains that a cleric (or other class that uses them) can choose, though they're generally tied loosely enough to the setting's fluff that a more permissive DM would probably allow them to be used outside of that setting.
Based on a quick search of the list in the answer to that question, the Dragonlance Campaign Setting introduced the Forge, Insight, and Treachery domains, and if you look through the list you can see others that came from Eberron and Faerûn.