The biggest commonality is 'The Veil'. In both WoD and Dresden, vanilla mortals either shut down or go crazy and explain away anything supernatural that happens to them except for the occasional sturdy individual who can handle it, or people who are trained or otherwise have extended experience dealing with it. Below is a baseline comparison, especially with the extensive universes for both franchises.
Spoilers for Dresden Below
Werewolves
WOD: All werewolves (garou) are born that way. Some people, Kinfolk, are mixed blood and are "Human+".
Dresden: Werewolves have different sources. Someone might be cursed and forced to polymorph (re: full moon), they might willingly cast magic on themselves (expanding on bearsark lore), and some might be born that way (for example, fae folk with extra forms).
Vampires
WOD: Powers are widely varied, but except for a clan weakness, generally all the same vulnerabilities.
Dresden: Three courts - Red, White, and Black. WOD Kindred tend to all fall in the "Black Court" category for baseline abilities because they fit the undead template. Red Court are more monstrous bat creatures that hide behind magic to appear human. Red Court vampires share the narcotic/addictive spit of Kindred. White Court are emotional vampires - feeding on psyche, trust, and passion instead of blood.
Mages
WOD: Based on spheres for what the magic affects rather than where it comes from. Can be driven by the Mage's knowledge and determination but ultimately comes from a command of metaphysics. They have plenty of reflexive magic that takes no toll on them. Can easily tap into magical areas around them as a battery. The magic itself takes a toll for how "vulgar" the magic is - or how obvious that what's going on is unnatural - and the caster is more bound by getting a backlash from reality itself.
Dresden: All magic feeds off of the caster's spirit, most commonly their will and belief in the magic itself which leads to elemental affinities as talents. With exception of limited and very specific magic, the cost is the wizard in question growing physically and mentally tired. Magic from humans destroys technology, called "Hexing", in direct proportion to the amount of magic (sometimes merely an aura) and the complexity of the technology (anything from before the 1940s is safe). Inherently magical creatures do not suffer this, and apparently this comes from a human's doubt in their magic causing chaos.
Intersection: Both rely heavily on focus items to channel their magic and the scale varies greatly. It can just be an all purpose focus to cast, or something super specific like a potion or a wand for lightning bolts.
Fae Folk
WOD: Fair folk in WOD have a variety of abilities. The standard player character is a half breed so they don't have limitless power. There are a few courts, several breeds, and a dozen or so houses to make character creation more varied. Fae culture tends to be one large overarching society with factions/clans/communities rather than starkly divided nations, despite territories.
Dresden: Fae are sort of a catch all for everything. Red and White Court vampires are technically a variant of fae; Demons, monsters, and deities seem to live by fae rules in most regards as sort of a universal system for how the power works. However, "half breeds" must choose to either go fully human or fully fae around puberty. Most of the balance goes between Summer and Winter courts, with subfactions and limited independent "courts".
Intersection: This area has the strongest overlap. Pocket dimensions, time dilation, Summer and Winter courts, humans getting sponsored for powers, all-purpose-MacGuffin, etc. Powers are generally inherited and/or granted versus study or practice.
Disclaimer
I will do my best to edit this post as comments come up, but as asserted above, we're looking at over twenty years for either fandom to assemble. It's nice because it removes a lot of the ambiguity, but it's limiting because there is quite a lot to encapsulate in an answer. I understand the risk of getting dinged for even including this section.
