TL;DR: There is no universal gateset with transversal implementation in the repetition code. This is the case not due to Eastin-Knill theorem, whose assumptions the code fails to satisfy, but due to the fact that logical states have varying amount of entanglement between physical qubits and that transversal operators cannot change the amount of it. Consequently, transversal operators fail to provide access to the full code subspace.
Code subspace
Consider a repetition code encoding one logical qubit into a block of $n$ physical qubits $a_1a_2\dots a_n$. Its code subspace is spanned by the logical computational basis states
$$
|0\rangle_L=|0\rangle_1|0\rangle_2\dots|0\rangle_n\\
|1\rangle_L=|1\rangle_1|1\rangle_2\dots|1\rangle_n.\tag1
$$
The key observation for our argument is that the computational basis $(1)$ consists of product states while all other logical states
$$
\begin{align}
|\psi\rangle_L&=\alpha|0\rangle_L+\beta|1\rangle_L\\
&=\alpha|0\rangle_1|0\rangle_2\dots|0\rangle_n+\beta|1\rangle_1|1\rangle_2\dots|1\rangle_n
\end{align}\tag2
$$
for non-zero $\alpha,\beta\in\mathbb{C}$ have varying amount of entanglement between the physical qubits $a_1a_2\dots a_n$.
Transversal operators
The most general transversal logical operator on a single logical qubit takes the form
$$
U_L=U_1\otimes U_2\otimes \dots \otimes U_n\tag3
$$
where $U_k$ acts on qubit $a_k$. Clearly, $U_L$ fails to change entanglement between the physical qubits. Therefore, there is no transversal logical operator on a single logical qubit capable of creating superpositions $(2)$ within the code subspace.
In fact, this argument extends to logical operators acting on multiple logical qubits. Consider for example a logical operator $V_L$ on two logical qubits $a_1a_2\dots a_n$ and $b_1b_2\dots b_n$. Transversality means that
$$
V_L=V_1\otimes V_2\otimes\dots\otimes V_n\tag4
$$
where $V_k$ acts on qubits $a_k$ and $b_k$. Clearly, no such operator may change the amount of entanglement between the pair $a_ib_i$ and the pair $a_jb_j$ for $i\ne j$.
Conclusion
Thus, logical quantum circuits consisting of transversal gates may not change the amount of entanglement between physical qubits within any logical qubit. In particular, any such circuit initialized to $|0\rangle_L$ cannot access states outside the logical computational basis. Therefore, there is no universal gateset which can be implemented transversally in the repetition code.
