Third guess based on next hint
You are an Unknown Solider, an Unknown Warrior, or just an Unknown
In rebellion I earned my fame;
Before the events, few knew my name.
The events that lead to these entombed are all based in war. All are honored as heroes or patriots (fame) but none know their name.
Of origin, none can be sure;
My resting place too is obscure.
Again Unknown, but with this comes the fact that many of these would simply be listed as MIA (missing in action) - leaving their resting place unknown.
With arrow and bow I left my mark;
Life under foreign rule would be too stark.
Many of these are warriors who fell on foreign soil during war.
Towards the end I ran out of breath;
Not much later I met my death.
See above (this could also be pointing towards the mustard gas used during WWI with the Europe hint)
Of me they write many a tale;
Now who am I? You mustn't fail.
The stories of the unknown warriors should not be forgotten. Also, many people are still wondering where their loved ones fell and trying to find closure there. It also fits the last line even as the unknown Solider from Vietnam was actually identified and buried in a named grave by his family.
Hint:
All are real, one would say all are infamous, and these tombs and people exist worldwide. Finally this is a different take on the word "origin".
Second guess (due to last hint):
You are Spartacus
In rebellion I earned my fame;
Before the events, few knew my name.
Spartacus was a slave gladiator who would have died unknown if not for leading a slave revolt.
Of origin, none can be sure;
My resting place too is obscure.
There is a lot of argument on who Spartacus was and were he came from. There is also differing accounts on whether he fell in battle or if his body was never recovered.
With arrow and bow I left my mark;
Life under foreign rule would be too stark.
The stretch here, as arrow and bow I'll either have to take to mean war or one would have to use the show Spartacus where one character (Mira) is famous for her bow and for teaching the other slaves. The second part is obvious as it was a slave rebellion and most sources do tend to lean toward him being of Greek not Roman origin.
Towards the end I ran out of breath;
Not much later I met my death.
The famous painting, Tod des Spartacus, "Death of Spartacus" shows him being stabbed through the chest - a lung shot. During the battle in which he died.
Of me they write many a tale;
Now who am I? You mustn't fail.
"I am Spartacus" is a famous saying due to a few movies and tv shows.
Hint:
he is real, famous, and from Europe
First guess before last hint:
Genghis Khan
In rebellion I earned my fame;
Before the events, few knew my name.
Genghis Khan's return to power, his real start, was in joining the Jin dynasty in attacks against the Tartars - who had rebelled against them. Before this, according to Wikipedia there was a ten year period of unknown history and certainly he was only known as some Mongul Khan at that point either way.
Of origin, none can be sure;
My resting place too is obscure.
There exist very few records on Genghis Khan's birth and early life. He is famous for requesting that his grave be unmarked and unknown - including a story about his funeral guards killing anyone who meet them on the way to and from his burial grounds.
With arrow and bow I left my mark;
Life under foreign rule would be too stark.
The mounted bow and arrow is the primary weapon of the Mongols. He conquered a large area and many tribes and groups (including a few he had been a vassal of).
Towards the end I ran out of breath;
Not much later I met my death.
There are reports that he fell off his horse and died from a punctured lung (also being stabbed by a princess, an infection, and probably more).
Of me they write many a tale;
Now who am I? You mustn't fail.
There are a number of stories about Genghis Khan - both those based in history and those based in fiction. With my favorite being the holodeck malfunction on Futurama.