Questions tagged [space-expansion]
The expansion of the universe is a phenomenon wherein, at scales much larger than galaxies, the distance between objects grows over time. This phenomenon is often described as "expansion of space", although there is no difference between space expanding and objects moving apart.
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Energy of photons in perfect mirror box with FRW metric
In FRW metric, distance is described by
\begin{align}
ds^2 = dt^2 - a(t)^2[d\chi^2 + S_k(\chi)^2 d\Omega^2]\\
=dt^2 - a(t)^2\gamma_{ij}dx^i dx^j
\end{align}
where $a$ is the scale factor.
Now by using ...
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Will expanding space rupture an empty box floating in outer space
Under the theory that space itself is expanding, but the space inside of atoms and molecules doesn't expand because nuclear and electromagnetic bonding forces exceed the forces that expand space, ...
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Viable values for the $K$ parameter in the FLRW metric
The FLWR metric is sometimes given as $$c^2 d\tau^2 = c^2 dt^2 - \frac{a(t)^2}{(1-KX^2)} dX^2. $$
I am not interested in the tangential motion so I set $d \Omega = 0$ although it is of interest in ...
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Can a light signal from Earth reach a galaxy outside the Hubble Horizon?
Is this video on the FLRW metric (timestamp 29:00 minutes) mistaken in its claim that a light signal from Earth cannot catch up with a galaxy outside the Hubble horizon, due to the horizon receding at ...
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Friedmann Equation and a contracting universe
Consider a universe with a nonzero curvature and matter.
One can write the Friedmann Equation in this universe as such:
$$\frac{H(t)^2}{H_0^2} = \frac{\Omega_0}{a^3}+\frac{1-\Omega_0}{a^2}$$
Where $H(...
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Simple question about finite Universe [duplicate]
If, by Big Bang, Universe was created from initial singularity, with finite "speed" of expansion of matter, shouldnt it be finite as well?
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Understanding expansion of the Universe as things flying apart
Say that we have a Universe uniformly filled just with matter (let's not bring dark energy into this). And say that we fill it with very light particles (so that the gravitational interaction between ...
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Is it true that $\dot{H}(t)\sim H(t)$, and if so, why?
In the context of working with the FRW metric in Cosmology, I'm trying to reproduce the results of a paper where an expansion of the metric in terms of perturbations is performed. The author gives a ...
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Does gravitational redshift conserve energy?
It is claimed that redshift due to cosmological expansion doesn't conserve energy. Does this exception also apply to gravitational redshift? Why or why not?
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Please help me with this paradox [closed]
Physicists believe that some galaxies are moving away from us at faster than the speed of light. A galaxy that is moving away from us at faster than the speed of light would be moving backwards in ...
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Does the expansion of the universe cause the universe reach maximum entropy faster than a non expanding universe?
I've seen Does an expanding universe cool down?
So I understand an expanding universe cools down, my question is, does an expanding universe reach maximum entropy faster than a non-expanding universe?
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Negative Horizon distance
Consider a flat universe, here, proper distance can be given by R-W Metric:
$$d_p (t_0) = c\int_{t_e}^{t_0}\frac{dt}{a(t)},$$ $t_e$ is the time when a photon is emitted from a distant galaxy, $t_0$ is ...
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How do we account for the 'one way' drag of moving space?
As I understand it, the rotating space outside a Kerr black hole drags radially falling particles into circular motion. Similarly the river model posits that the inward flow of space ensures particles ...
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Why is the First Law of Thermodynamic related to Fluid Equation?
In Cosmology, there is a equation called Fluid Equation:
$$\dot{{\varepsilon}}+3\frac{\dot{a}}{a}(\varepsilon+P)=0.$$
It is derived by taking time derivative of the First Law of Thermodynamic:
$\dot{E}...
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Accelerating Expansion of Universe - Why Not Caused by Radiation?
As I understand it, dark matter and dark energy are used as an 'explanation' for how universe expansion is accelerating; because without it gravity would be expected to cause a long term shrinking.
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Why does Hubble's Law indicate motion?
I have been trying to understand and find some justification about why Hubble's Law needs to implicate any sort of relative motion between galaxies.
I can understand why and how one would explain the ...
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Does the fact that we are able to see CMBR implies that universe expanded faster than light?
Supposedly, the universe underwent rapid expansion immediately after the big bang, surpassing the speed of light. If we can detect remnants from that era, does this suggest they moved faster than ...
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Could Space and Time Be Decoupled Pre- Big Bang?
The traditional view holds that both space and time emerged together from the Big Bang. However, I'm curious about the possibility that time could be eternal, with no beginning, while space began to ...
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Change of variables from FRW metric to Newtonian gauge
My question arises from a physics paper, where they state that if we take the FRW metric as follows, where $t_c$ and $\vec{x}$ are the FRW comoving coordinates:
$$ds^2=-dt_c^2+a^2(t_c)d\vec{x}_c^2$$
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Friedmann fluid equation in the non-relativistic case
The Friedmann fluid equation I am referring to is:
$$ a\frac{d\rho}{da} = -3(\rho+P) .$$
In the non-relativistic (low temperature) case for an ideal gas universe (representing matter), I know that the ...
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How to find the relation between flow-parameters and number of e-folds?
In models of single field inflation the Friedmann equation reads
$$ H(t)^2 = \frac{8\pi G}{3} \big(V(\varphi) + \frac{\dot{\varphi}^2}{2}\big) \tag{1}\label{eq1}. $$
In the slow-roll approximation one ...
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Distance needed for visible light to be cosmologically redshifted to microwave
What distance will it take for visible light to become a microwave due to cosmological redshift?
I'm not sure how to calculate this, as I'm never good at complex math. I tried googling but didn't find ...
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Could a universe be expanding if its physics were scale invariant?
Imagine a universe where every field is massless and has scale-invariance. Would the expansion/contraction of the universe still be happening there? would it be detectable? Would it affect the ...
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If space has a positive curvature, is the expansion of the universe caused by time, not "dark energy"? [closed]
Ok, I will assume that space has a positive curvature, where space is the "surface" of this sphere, and time is the radius from the center, so the universe is a 4D hypersphere. Under these ...
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Are comoving distances time-independent?
A comoving reference frame expands along with the universe, factoring out the effect of the Hubble expansion. Suppose a galaxy has a redshift $z = 1$ and its comoving distance DM is $11 \,\mathrm{Gly} ...
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Does the energy of a photon in comoving space change?
Assuming a flat FLRW universe that is expanding: In comoving space, does the energy of a photon decrease or stay constant? A physical argument for this would be nice.
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If we consider the spacetime of the universe to be four-dimensional, does the Big Bang lie in its center?
Apologies for the (hopefully now somewhat less) clickbait-y title. Now, of course, I know that the Big Bang did not happen at any point connected to a single point in our current $3$-dimensional ...
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Are there any observations from the beginning of the universe until the CMB?
The question that concerns my mind is that in the time period before the cosmic microwave background, did humans have any observations or not? I mean, are all the materials mentioned in physics about ...
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Does the Schwarszchild solution require the cosmological constant to stop it from expanding?
When Einstein developed his field equations for general relativity, he attempted to apply them to the entire universe. He found the universe had to expand, which at the time was believed not to be the ...
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Does dark energy work on the principle of anti-gravity, i.e. repulsive gravity?
Our universe is made up of 95% dark energy+ dark matter (of which most is dark energy), and this dark energy is considered to be the main reason for the expansion of our universe. But, anything that ...
