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0 votes
2 answers
40 views

Is there a way to express the collisionless boltzmann equation in terms of positions, velocities, times, without the distribution function?

Suppose I have data that represents a field of positions and velocities. If the distribution function (DF) for the data is $f(x,v,t)$, I know that the DF must obey $$\frac{\partial f}{\partial t} + \...
James Thiamin's user avatar
1 vote
2 answers
158 views

Why does the Lagrangian not show particle-interaction? Why are normal/tension forces not considered?

(1) For formulating a lagrangian for a system of particles compared to one free particle, we start with the kinetic energy and formulate a potential energy term that is in terms of each of the radius ...
Chordx's user avatar
  • 17
3 votes
2 answers
897 views

What is the "associated scalar equation" of equations of motion?

In an essay I am reading on celestial mechanics the equations of motion for a 2 body problem is given as: $$\mathbf{r}''=\nabla(\frac{\mu}{r})=-\frac{\mu \mathbf{r}}{r^3}$$ Fine. Then it says the "...
ben's user avatar
  • 1,517
3 votes
2 answers
855 views

Bertrand's theorem

I found in Goldstein's Classical Mechanics that the condition for closed orbits is given by $\frac{d^2 V_{eff}}{dr^2}>0$.(bertrand's theorem). Can somebody explain to me, how this inequality is ...
Xin Wang's user avatar
  • 1,880
0 votes
1 answer
191 views

Non-relativistic Kepler orbits

Consider the Newtonian gravitational potential at a distance of Sun: $$\varphi \left ( r \right )~=~-\frac{GM}{r}.$$ I write the classical Lagrangian in spherical coordinates for a planet with mass $...
Fatima's user avatar
  • 307