All Questions
Tagged with cosmology space-expansion
1,604
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Friedmann fluid equation in the non-relativistic case
The Friedmann fluid equation I am referring to is:
$$ a\frac{d\rho}{da} = -3(\rho+P) .$$
In the non-relativistic (low temperature) case for an ideal gas universe (representing matter), I know that the ...
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How to find the relation between flow-parameters and number of e-folds?
In models of single field inflation the Friedmann equation reads
$$ H(t)^2 = \frac{8\pi G}{3} \big(V(\varphi) + \frac{\dot{\varphi}^2}{2}\big) \tag{1}\label{eq1}. $$
In the slow-roll approximation one ...
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Could a universe be expanding if its physics were scale invariant?
Imagine a universe where every field is massless and has scale-invariance. Would the expansion/contraction of the universe still be happening there? would it be detectable? Would it affect the ...
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If space has a positive curvature, is the expansion of the universe caused by time, not "dark energy"? [closed]
Ok, I will assume that space has a positive curvature, where space is the "surface" of this sphere, and time is the radius from the center, so the universe is a 4D hypersphere. Under these ...
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Are comoving distances time-independent?
A comoving reference frame expands along with the universe, factoring out the effect of the Hubble expansion. Suppose a galaxy has a redshift $z = 1$ and its comoving distance DM is $11 \,\mathrm{Gly} ...
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Does the energy of a photon in comoving space change?
Assuming a flat FLRW universe that is expanding: In comoving space, does the energy of a photon decrease or stay constant? A physical argument for this would be nice.
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If we consider the spacetime of the universe to be four-dimensional, does the Big Bang lie in its center?
Apologies for the (hopefully now somewhat less) clickbait-y title. Now, of course, I know that the Big Bang did not happen at any point connected to a single point in our current $3$-dimensional ...
- 1,897
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Are there any observations from the beginning of the universe until the CMB?
The question that concerns my mind is that in the time period before the cosmic microwave background, did humans have any observations or not? I mean, are all the materials mentioned in physics about ...
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Does the Schwarszchild solution require the cosmological constant to stop it from expanding?
When Einstein developed his field equations for general relativity, he attempted to apply them to the entire universe. He found the universe had to expand, which at the time was believed not to be the ...
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Does dark energy work on the principle of anti-gravity, i.e. repulsive gravity?
Our universe is made up of 95% dark energy+ dark matter (of which most is dark energy), and this dark energy is considered to be the main reason for the expansion of our universe. But, anything that ...
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A question about Friedmann cosmological expansion equation
A recent paper, arXiv:2403.01555, gives the equations for homogeneity and isotropy of an expanding 3-space as expressed in the following
distance interval as $x^i = (t, \chi, \theta, \phi)$ and $x^i + ...
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Are there structures or systems that can have a high angular momentun that are not made by protons and/or neutrons?
Cosmic structures such as neutron stars, white dwarfs or black holes can have high amounts of angular momentum (high spin velocities). However, these are all made by protons and neutrons (black holes ...
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Redshift of the CMB
Has the $z\sim 1100$ redshift of the CMB been actually measured by comparing the fingerprint (absorption spectrum) of the CMB with the theoretical radiation pattern of a $2.725\,\mathrm{K}$ blackbody, ...
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A problem on cosmic inflation
I analyze inflation in this following scenario: Suppose that at some very early epoch, $t_1 ≤ t ≤ t_2$ (where $t_1 ≪ t_2 ≪ t_r$ and $t_r$ is the time at the recombination epoch), the universe resides ...
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Cosmological redshift and distance calculus
I am somewhat puzzled when it comes to understanding the general relationship between the cosmological redshift of a galaxy and its distance, and none of the other questions in the forum have ...
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