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I need to compute the integral $$\int \frac{d^3q}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{q}{E}n^in^jn^k \frac{\partial g}{\partial x^i}$$ where $n^i$, $n^j$ and $n^k$ are the unit vectors and $g$ is a function of the direction.

I started dividing the $d^3q$ into $d\Omega dq q^2$ but then I don't know how to proceed. Should I try by parts?

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    $\begingroup$ I think you can change variables to show that the integral you are interested in is proportional to a Kronecker delta function. In that case you can set $j=k$ and then sum on both sides to get a major simplification. $\endgroup$
    – hft
    Commented Aug 3, 2023 at 22:46
  • $\begingroup$ That is what I wanted to do. But $g$ depends on the direction as well. Do you have a hint on how to do that? thanks $\endgroup$
    – Stefano98
    Commented Aug 3, 2023 at 22:51
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    $\begingroup$ How are those unit vectors being multiplied? Is the $\frac{\partial g}{\partial x_i}$ just a single term or a sum over derivatives wrt to all 3 $x_i$ via Einstein summation convention? $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 3, 2023 at 22:57
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    $\begingroup$ Also, hold on a second... you are using notation $\vec q$ in the integral and notation $\vec x$ in the derivative. Are the unit vectors giving the direction of $\vec q$ or $\vec x$? Is the x supposed to be a q? $\endgroup$
    – hft
    Commented Aug 3, 2023 at 23:31
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    $\begingroup$ OK, then what I said might not be right... I have to think about how it transforms a little more. $\endgroup$
    – hft
    Commented Aug 3, 2023 at 23:49

1 Answer 1

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I need to compute the integral $$\int \frac{d^3q}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{q}{E}n^in^jn^k \frac{\partial g}{\partial x^i}$$ where $n^i$, $n^j$ and $n^k$ are the unit vectors and $g$ is a function of the direction.

Let's refer to the integral as $I^{jk}$ such that: $$ I^{jk}(\vec x) = \int\frac{d^3q}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{q}{E}n^in^jn^k \frac{\partial g}{\partial x^i}\;. $$

Per OP's comments, the unit vectors in the integration are with respect to $\vec q$, but the derivative on $g$ is with respect to $\vec x$. Thus the derivative term can be taken out of the integral and we can write: $$ I^{jk}(\vec x) = \frac{\partial g}{\partial x^i}\int\frac{d^3q}{(2\pi)^3} \frac{q}{E}n^in^jn^k\;. $$

But the above integral is zero, as seen via a change of variable $\vec q \to -\vec q$: $$ I^{jk}(\vec x) = 0 $$

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  • $\begingroup$ The problem is that $g$ depends on the direction of the momentum.. How can you take it outside of the integral? $\endgroup$
    – Stefano98
    Commented Aug 4, 2023 at 0:16
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    $\begingroup$ You said it depends on the direction, which I took to mean the direction of $\vec x$, which is what the derivative is with respect to. If this is not the case you should edit your question to include the relevant information. @Stefano98 $\endgroup$
    – hft
    Commented Aug 4, 2023 at 1:47

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