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I've seen over the years several mentions of electromagnetic solitons that appear in the high-intensity regime (where vacuum polarization becomes important). Some of these are coupled with plasmas, others in vacuum. Almost all I've known about, propagate with time-like group velocities. There is one that beats the diffraction limit of gaussian beams. I'm sure there are others with interesting properties as well.

What I haven't seen is any attempt to classify and categorize all these phenomena in some kind of taxonomy. Is any one aware of attempts toward this in the literature?

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    $\begingroup$ In plasma physics, there are several types of solitons (e.g., Langmuir and magnetosonic). The magnetosonic solitons have a few forms, but the one that has definitely been observed was originally called short large amplitude magnetic structures or SLAMS. In most cases that I have encountered, solitons come in two large groups: (1) solutions to KdV-like equations; and (2) solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equations. $\endgroup$ Commented Oct 25, 2014 at 15:16

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