The text of the GNU GPL 3 license ends with a section titled "How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs", which states that you should include a license notice within each source file, and provides a template for that notice. The template includes the following sentence:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
I would think that it would be inappropriate to use the template provided if the code is licensed under the GPL version 3 only, but I can't find any information about what should be used instead.