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I am trying to understand how loss of money works when one uses margin.

In the picture below, if price goes into the green area, I make money. If it goes into the red area, I lose money.

Suppose I purchase BTC at 10X (ex:$2000 @10X would be $20,000). I want to "go long". When I buy the Bitcoin, it is priced at $10,000. So - with my $20,000 - I now, I have 2 Bitcoin.

Now, suppose the trade "moves against me" and price goes down to $9500. Thankfully (as an example), $8500 is the Liquidation Level - so - I am not totally done for. If I sold then and there (at $9500), how can I calculate how much money I would have lost?

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10x leverage means your profits are 10 times more and your losses are 10 times more.

So imagine what your profit or loss would have been if you didn't have any leverage.

If you would have made $100 profit, then with 10x leverage, you've made $1000 profit.

If you would have taken a $100 loss, then with 10x leverage, it actually ends up being a $1000 loss.

Technically, you can go into debt. If you only own $2000 and take a $2500 loss, you are $500 in debt.

With most exchanges, the liquidation engine kicks in to prevent you from going into debt. There is generally a slight fee for this added safety, meaning your account balance will be left with $0 even if you are liquidated before going into debt (for example while you still have a $50 balance).

In the worst case scenario where the engine fails to liquidate you on time (and you do go in debt), then the debt will be paid by the exchange's insurance fund. If for some reason this fund is empty, then the exchange will take the hit and might not be able to pay out profits for users.

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  • Thanks for the response! How would this work on Binance then? My understanding is that I woulld first set the margin amount to 10x. Would I then go and buy 20,000 of Bitcoin - or - would I enter $2000 (for a LONG for example) and then the program would automatically convert my entry to $20,000?
    – Casey Harrils
    Commented Aug 1, 2021 at 13:42
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    To long on Binance, you have to type in $20,000. Then select the "borrow" option. When you close your position (sell), you need to select "repay". Then type in the amount of BTC you want to sell. If you want to sell all of it, you can click on 100% on the slider. If you forget to click "repay", it's not the end of the world, you'll just be paying interest until you do so later.
    – David Callanan
    Commented Aug 1, 2021 at 13:48
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    Sometimes it's a good idea not to repay. This is because there is no guarantee that Binance will have sufficient funds for you to borrow in the future. So if you haven't repaid then you can keep using those borrowed funds to long on a new position.
    – David Callanan
    Commented Aug 1, 2021 at 13:50
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    @CaseyHarrils I can't remember exactly how much interest Binance charges, but I think it was somewhere around ~50% per year. (I could be wrong though). So if you don't want to risk Binance not having enough funds to lend out when you want it, you could just keep it borrowed the entire time if you think you'll make enough profit out of it. Otherwise, you can borrow and repay between trades. The real question is how long you want to keep a single position open. And that entirely depends on your own circumstances.
    – David Callanan
    Commented Aug 2, 2021 at 10:08
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    @CaseyHarrils Overall, if you are making more profit than the interest rate, then you should keep the funds borrowed. Be careful with risk-management though, you could very easily get liquidated with 10x.
    – David Callanan
    Commented Aug 2, 2021 at 10:09
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To put it very simply, a 10X leverage means that if your asset drops 10% you have lost 100% of your money.

ABC (whatever the target asset) trades at 10,000. If you only put up 1,000, a 10% drop wipes you out. A 10% rise doubles your bet.

At 9,500 you've only lost half your money. The percent loss is literally multiplied by 10.

To put it in a formulaic approach, an N leverage results in a total loss if the purchase drops by (100/N)% e.g. a leverage of 2 (typical stock market margin acct) would take a 100/2 or 50% drop to lose your funds. Leverage of 5, 20% drop wipes you out, etc. The simple way to view it is that the loss is multiplied by the leverage number. When that product equals 100, game over.

Edit: Respectfully, the OP's comment below is very concerning. I hope he is educating himself enough to fully understand the risk before entering any trade. To some, the math may appear simple, to others, it takes time and perhaps the use of a simulated trading account. I'll withhold judgement on crypto, this point is the for stock trading on margin or the use of options in one's trading.

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  • "To put it very simply, a 10X leverage means that if your asset drops 10% you have lost 100% of your money." - then does this mean that it is better to use High Leverage? Based on the example above, it looks as though - at 30x - if the asset drops 30%, then all of the money is lost. At 50x, all is lost at a 50% change in price. Since 50 and 30 are greater than 10, it seems to be safer to have leverage at 50x, and 30x.
    – Casey Harrils
    Commented Aug 1, 2021 at 14:10
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    No, say for example you were offered 100X leverage. A 1% drop would wipe out your money. 20X leverage, a 5% drop would wipe out your money.
    – JTP - Apologise to Monica ♦
    Commented Aug 1, 2021 at 14:13
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    @CaseyHarrils You've generalised from JTP's example incorrectly. It's not that "10x leverage means you lose everything at 10% drop" because the percentage and the leverage are "both 10". 10x leverage means multiply your loss by 10, and 10 * 10% = 100%; divide 100% by the leverage to figure out what drop would equal 100% loss. So 50x leverage doesn't mean a 50% drop would wipe you out, it means 100% / 50 = 2%.
    – Ben
    Commented Aug 1, 2021 at 22:36
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    @CaseyHarrils The reason is straightforward; if you've borrowed 49x your initial stake (so your total position is 50x), then when you sell after a 2% drop you've only recovered 50 x 98% of the asset price that you bought at 50 x 100%. 50 x 98% = 4900%, or 49 x 100%. That's exactly what you borrowed, so you can repay the loan but have none of your initial stake; a 100% loss. I would recommend against blindly applying any formula to investment decisions when you don't have a good idea of why it works; that helps you catch simple mistakes like your "Nx leverage means up to N% drop is safe" mixup.
    – Ben
    Commented Aug 1, 2021 at 22:43
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With margin you always owe what you borrowed. The gain or loss is all yours. To buy $20,000 worth of Bitcoin you supplied $2000 and borrowed $18,000. The Bitcoin is now worth $19,000 and you still owe $18,000. The Bitcoin lost $1000 worth of value total so you now have $1000 less than you started with.

Note most brokerages won't allow you to have such high leverage. Usually they limit the margin cash available to something like 1x what you supplied. The numbers in this example are not realistic. $8500 couldn't be the liquidation level because your equity in the investment would be negative (i.e. you'd have lost more money than you put in). This situation would never be allowed.

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  • Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. Further comments on the answer will be deleted with no notice.
    – JTP - Apologise to Monica ♦
    Commented Aug 2, 2021 at 12:31
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If you deposit $1000 into a trading account with 10x leverage, you have $10,000 of purchasing power to buy securities or currencies.

You are borrowing the "margin" money

You can buy $10,000 worth of Bitcoin into this account. $1000 of the money will be yours and $9000 will be loaned to you at an interest rate.

If the value of that Bitcoin rises to $20,000, you can sell the bitcoin then, and the sales proceeds will be $20,000. You will pay back the $9000 loan and have $11,000 profit.

If the value of the Bitcoin falls to $5000, and you sell the bitcoin then, you will gross $5000, and you will pay an additional $4000 to settle out the $9000 loan, and be totally wiped out. Except that will not be allowed to happen, because the broker will not trust you to voluntarily pay the additional $4000.

If the value of the Bitcoin falls to $9500, that means that there's $500 of your own money into it, and $9000 of the broker's. There's a big problem: You are now 19x leveraged - you have only $500 of your own cash but $9000 of their cash at risk. That wasn't the agreement!

Margin call

So the trader is going to make a margin call at this point. A margin call requires you to pay $500 additional cash into your account so that to bring your borrowing back to 10x as agreed. You can accomplish that by selling some of the Bitcoin.

If you refuse to do that, they will force sale of some of the Bitcoin. At this money-losing price for you.

So if Bitcoin is going down, down and more down... this would trigger repeated forced sales due to the margin calls. These sales would occur at lower and lower sale prices.

So these margin-call sales are "locking in" your losses.

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That you bought on margin isn't really relevant to calculating your loss. You bought 2@10k, and you sold [email protected]. 2*10k-2*9.5k = 20k-19k = 1k. You can also calculate it as a percentage loss: going from 10k to 9.5k is -5%, and 5% of 20k is 1k. Now, if you're comparing the percentage loss against your initial payment of 2k, that's where the leverage ratio comes in: you lost 5% on 2k, but with a delta of 10, so that's 5%*2k*10 = 1k.

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