Neurobiology was a branch of biological science that focused on the study of cells in the humanoid nervous system.
Amanda Rogers' transcript, prior to her joining the Q Continuum in 2369, was considered "impressive," by Doctor Beverly Crusher, who noted that Rogers work was "pretty well-rounded," covering neurobiology, plasma dynamics, and eco-regeneration. (TNG: "True Q")
After Tuvok's cognitive, memory, and logic centers became severely damaged following a Ba'Neth attack in 2376; and he was taken to Sickbay, Neelix stated to The Doctor that he wanted to help. In response, The Doctor stated, "Unless you have a degree in Vulcan neurobiology that I'm not aware of, there's nothing you can do." (VOY: "Riddles")