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For questions on linear algebra, including vector spaces, linear transformations, systems of linear equations, spanning sets, bases, dimensions and vector subspaces.

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In computing eigenvalues, why does $A− \lambda I$ have to be a singular matrix?

Start with $Av=\lambda v$. Equivalently, we could write $Av=\lambda Iv$, since $Iv=v$. Then we can bring both terms to the left to get $Av-\lambda Iv=0$, or equivalently, $$(A-\lambda I)v=0.$$ This me …
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