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Write down the backward equations for $P_{12}$ and $P_{21}$ and use the symmetry of Q to solve these equations.
Hint: Whenever confronted with an ordinary differential equation of the form x′(t) = ax(t)+b(t), it might be beneficial to consider the function y(t) = $e^{−at}x(t)$.
$$Q = \left[ \begin{matrix}
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Standard Theory of Linear Difference Equations, Power Function
I'm reading this paper and have a question about the math done on page 4.
We go from having
$$\lambda^{T_0} = p \lambda^{T_{0 + 1}} + q\lambda^{T_{0 - 1}}$$ to
$$p \lambda^2 - \lambda + q = 0$$
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