For what $p(x) \in \mathbb{R}[x]$ is the function $\sin(p(x))$ periodic?
It seems obvious to me that all linear polynomials satisfy the condition, but I can not prove it and I do not know what other functions can satisfy it.
For what $p(x) \in \mathbb{R}[x]$ is the function $\sin(p(x))$ periodic?
It seems obvious to me that all linear polynomials satisfy the condition, but I can not prove it and I do not know what other functions can satisfy it.
The key idea is the following :
Let $f \, : \, \mathbb{R} \, \rightarrow \, \mathbb{R}$ be a periodic function with period $T$.
If $f$ is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}$, then $f'$ is periodic with period $T$.
If $\forall t \in \mathbb{R}, \; f(t) = \sin\big( P(t) \big)$ with $P \in \mathbb{R}[X]$, $f$ is differentiable on $\mathbb{R}$ and: $$\forall t \in \mathbb{R}, \; f'(t) = P'(t) \cos\big( P(t) \big). $$
Therefore, $f'$ is bounded on $\mathbb{R}$ if and only if $P'$ is. This implies that $\deg(P) \leq 1$.
Conversely, if $\deg(P) \leq 1$, $P'$ is bounded on $\mathbb{R}$.