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May 18 at 13:50 history edited ploosu2 CC BY-SA 4.0
closed formula hypothesis
May 17 at 8:56 comment added ploosu2 @LaVuna47 Yes and if $k$ is very large and $n$ small, we can use fast matrix exponentiation (although if the exact answer is needed, the rational numbers will get very large denominatory, and if an approx suffices, then we're already very close to the steady state so just use that). But out of curiosity, I went and found the "closed formula". Well, the coefficients are still solved recursively in $n$ steps.
May 17 at 8:52 history edited ploosu2 CC BY-SA 4.0
doing the diagonalization to get formula
May 16 at 18:54 comment added LaVuna47 The answer is $ n * f(1, k) $
May 16 at 18:53 vote accept LaVuna47
May 16 at 18:49 comment added LaVuna47 I guess we don't need to derive such a good-looking formula. The key idea here is that we can fix some box and solve it independently of other boxes so to speak. Following recursive formula works just fine in desired $O(n*k)$ using dynamic programming: $ f(b, k) = (b + (n-b) * (n-1)) * f(b, k-1) + b * (n-1) * f(b-1, k-1) + (n-b) * f(b+1, k-1)$
May 16 at 13:53 comment added ploosu2 The formula looks like it might also "come from" inclusion exclusion, since the second term is negative. But it's different from the rest since it doesn't have the power $k$. If we somehow move the contributions to the next term and so on...
May 16 at 13:48 history edited ploosu2 CC BY-SA 4.0
formula for n=7
May 16 at 13:38 history edited ploosu2 CC BY-SA 4.0
added 279 characters in body
S May 16 at 13:20 history edited ploosu2 CC BY-SA 4.0
closed formulas for n=4,5 and better notation
May 16 at 13:15 review Suggested edits
S May 16 at 13:20
May 16 at 12:47 comment added ploosu2 The eigenvalues of the matrix $Q_n$ seem to be $\frac{b}{n}$ for $b=0,1,\dots, n$. Maybe with diagonalizing we can even get a simple closed formula...
May 16 at 12:40 history edited ploosu2 CC BY-SA 4.0
added 4 characters in body
May 16 at 12:33 history answered ploosu2 CC BY-SA 4.0