Dilligence implications of VWPITTPA

Question

The U.S. has Visa Waiver Program (VWP) that allows citizens of several countries to travel to the U.S. without a visa.

Entry isn't guaranteed and exceptions do apply. There is Visa Waiver Program Improvement and Terrorist Travel Prevention Act of 2015 (VWPITTPA), which enforces (among everything else) the following,

travelers in the following categories are no longer eligible to travel or be admitted to the United States, without a waiver, under the VWP:
Nationals of VWP countries who have traveled to or been present in Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, or Yemen at any time on or after March 1, 2011 (with limited exceptions)...

I noticed that VWPITTPA Act was passed in 2015, whereas it applies to travelers from 2011 onwards. In other words, VWPITTPA applies retroactively. This seems to imply that a law-abiding individual from VWP-eligible countries, from 2011 to 2015, must have known that they shouldn't or mustn't to travel to Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, or Yemen.

1. What is the implied criteria for VWP-eligible individual to know not to travel to these countries from 2011 to 2015? For example, is it implied that an individual is watches the news, consults American embassies or consulates abroad about their travel plans, or perhaps something else?
2. Let's say a VWP-eligible individual plans to travel to questionable, but otherwise unrestricted locations, such as Venezuela. Based upon the criteria above, can it be reasonably predicted that such individial will be barred from entering the U.S. via VWP in the future?

P.S. I am not a national of any of these countries, nor did I ever travel to these countries listed in VWPITTPA. I'm just curious about the reasoning here.

Answer 1

This seems to imply that a law-abiding individual from VWP-eligible countries, from 2011 to 2015, must have known that they shouldn't or mustn't to travel to Iraq, North Korea, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, or Yemen.

This reflects a misunderstanding. The act does not make it illegal to visit these places. Law abiding people do not need to avoid doing so. People who have traveled to those places are not prohibited from traveling to the US altogether; they are only disqualified from using the VWP. They are expected to apply for a B-1 or B-2 visa, as appropriate, to visit the US. With that in mind:

1. There is no expectation that people eligible for the visa waiver program should have known not to travel to those places between 2011 and 2015, and

2. There is no way to predict whether or when any other country might be added to the list.