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Korolev (Martian crater)

Coordinates: 72°46′N 164°35′E / 72.77°N 164.58°E / 72.77; 164.58
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Korolev
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Natural color view of Korolev crater from Mars Express
LocationMare Boreum quadrangle, Mars
Coordinates72°46′N 164°35′E / 72.77°N 164.58°E / 72.77; 164.58[1]
Diameter81.4 kilometres (50.6 mi)[1]
EponymSergei Korolev (1907-1966), Soviet rocket engineer and designer

Korolev is an ice-filled impact crater in the Mare Boreum quadrangle of Mars, located at 73° north latitude and 165° east longitude. It is 81.4 kilometres (50.6 mi) in diameter[1] and contains about 2,200 cubic kilometres (530 cu mi) of water ice, comparable in volume to Great Bear Lake in northern Canada.[2] The crater was named after Sergei Korolev (1907–1966), the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the Space Race in the 1950s and 1960s.[2]

Korolev crater is located on the Planum Boreum, the northern polar plain which surrounds the north polar ice cap, near the Olympia Undae dune field. The crater rim rises about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) above the surrounding plains. The crater floor lies about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) below the rim, and is covered by a 1.8 kilometres (1.1 mi) deep central mound of permanent water ice, up to 60 kilometres (37 mi) in diameter.[2]

Ice formation

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The ice is permanently stable because the crater acts as a natural cold trap. The thin Martian air above the crater ice is colder than air surrounding the crater; the colder local atmosphere is also heavier so it sinks to form a protective layer, insulating the ice, shielding it from melting and evaporation.[2][3] Recent research indicates that the ice deposit formed in place within the crater and was not previously part of a once-larger polar ice sheet.[4] The ice in the crater is part of the vast water resources at the poles of the planet.[3]

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In the TV show For All Mankind, Korolev crater is the location of methane deposits that main character Kelly Baldwin seeks to investigate for signs of life.[5]

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature | Korolev". usgs.gov. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d "A winter wonderland in red and white – Korolev Crater on Mars". German Aerospace Center (DLR). Retrieved 20 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b Sample, Ian (21 December 2018). "Mars Express beams back images of ice-filled Korolev crater". The Guardian. Retrieved December 21, 2018.
  4. ^ Brothers, T. Charles; Holt, John W. (2016). "Three-dimensional structure and origin of a 1.8 km thick ice dome within Korolev Crater, Mars". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (4): 1443–1449. Bibcode:2016GeoRL..43.1443B. doi:10.1002/2015GL066440.
  5. ^ "Legacy". For All Mankind. Season 4. Episode 8. December 29, 2023.
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