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George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny

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George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny
George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny, dressed as a shepherd. 1638 portrait, inscribed in Latin Me Firmior Amor ("love is stronger than me"), by Anthony van Dyck, National Portrait Gallery, London
Personal details
Born(1618-07-17)17 July 1618
Died23 October 1642(1642-10-23) (aged 24)
Edge Hill, Warwickshire
Spouse
(m. 1638)
Children2, including Charles
Parents
RelativesJames Stewart (brother)
Bernard Stewart (brother)
James Hamilton (brother)
George Hamilton (brother)
Esmé Stewart (grandfather)
Charles I of England (cousin)
EducationCollège de Navarre
Younger brothers of Lord George Stewart, who also died as young men during the Civil War supporting the Royalist cause, left: Lord John Stewart (1621–1644), died aged 23 and right: Lord Bernard Stewart (1623–1645), died aged 22. Lord John Stuart and his Brother, Lord Bernard Stuart, c. 1638, by Sir Anthony van Dyck, National Gallery, London

Lord[1] George Stewart (or Stuart), 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny (17 July 1618 – 23 October 1642) was an Anglo-Scottish[2] nobleman of French descent and a third cousin of King Charles I of England.[3] He supported that king during the Civil War as a Royalist commander and was killed, aged 24, at the Battle of Edgehill in 1642.

Origins

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He was the 3rd son of Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox (1579–1624), 7th Seigneur d'Aubigny, by his wife Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton (c.1592–1637). His eldest brother was James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox (1612–1655) of Cobham Hall in Kent.

Youth in France

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His father died of spotted fever when George was aged 6 and he became a ward of his cousin King Charles I of England. He was brought up (with his elder brother Henry and younger brother Ludovic) at the Château d'Aubigny in the parish of Aubigny-sur-Nère in the ancient province of Berry in France, as a Roman Catholic, under the charge of his paternal grandmother, Katherine de Balsac (d.1631/2), Dowager Duchess of Lennox,[4] widow of Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox (1542–1583).

Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox was the favourite of the young King James I & VI (and a first cousin of that king's father Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley), who in 1579 had returned to Scotland from his French origins at Aubigny and was showered with honours by the young Scottish king, from 1603 also King of England. The Château d'Aubigny and the lordship of that manor (Seigneurie d'Aubigny) was first acquired by his distant relative Sir John Stewart of Darnley, 1st Comte d'Évreux (c.1380–1429), a Scottish nobleman and famous military commander who served as Constable of the Scottish Army in France, supporting the French against the English during the Hundred Years War, and a fourth cousin[5] of King James I of Scotland (reigned 1406 to 1437), the third monarch of the House of Stewart.

Career

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In 1632, at the age of 14, he inherited the Seigneurie d'Aubigny (lordship of the manor of Aubigny-sur-Nère),[6] following the death of his 17-year-old elder brother Henry Stewart (1616–1632), who died in Venice.[7] By 1633 he was a student at the Collège de Navarre, part of the University of Paris. He did homage to Louis XIII of France for the lordship of Aubigny on 5 August 1636, shortly after his eighteenth birthday.[4] Later that year he moved to England.

He fought with the French against the Spanish in the Battle of Montjuïc (1641). As civil war loomed in England, Stewart joined the forces of King Charles at York where he was knighted on 18 April 1642 along with his brother Bernard.

Death, burial & succession

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He was mortally wounded during the first engagement of the Battle of Edgehill on Sunday 23 October 1642, aged 24.[8] Also killed later during the Civil War fighting for the Royalist cause were his two younger brothers Lord John Stewart (1621–1644) and Lord Bernard Stewart (1623–1645),[8] the famous Van Dyck double-portrait of whom – the iconic image of Cavaliers – survives in the National Gallery, London.[9]

George Stewart was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford. The lordship of Aubigny passed to his next brother, Ludovic Stewart (d. 1665).[4]

Marriage and children

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In 1638, at the age of 20 and secretly, he married Katherine Howard (d. 1650), a daughter of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, without her father's consent, thus offending his guardian the king.[4] The surviving portrait of George Stewart by Anthony van Dyck, now in the National Portrait Gallery, London, may have been painted to mark his marriage; the Latin inscription Me Firmior Amor ("love is stronger than me") may allude to his conflicting loyalties.[10] His wife survived him and remarried to James Levingston, 1st Earl of Newburgh, and following the defeat of the Royalists both were suspected in 1648 of plotting to rescue the exiled King Charles I and on the discovery of the supposed plot fled to the Netherlands where Katherine died in 1650. By Newburgh she had one further child, Elizabeth Levingston. By his wife George Stewart had two children:[11]

Further reading

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  • Aubigny et ses seigneurs: les Stuart de Lennox, carnetdephilippe.canalblog.com (dead-link [2])

Notes

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  1. ^ Lord being a courtesy title for a younger son of a duke
  2. ^ His mother was English and the family had returned from France in 1579 with little connection to their Scottish ancestry
  3. ^ Both were descended in the male line from John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox
  4. ^ a b c d Cust 1891, pp. 100–105.
  5. ^ Both were descended from Alexander Stewart, 4th High Steward of Scotland (d. 1283)
  6. ^ Rogers, Malcolm (1994). "Van Dyck's Portrait of 'Lord George Stuart, Seigneur d'Aubigny,' and Some Related Works". Studies in the History of Art. 46: 261–279. JSTOR 42622105.
  7. ^ Gaspard Thaumas de la Thaumassiere, Histoire de Berry, Paris, 1689, pp.697–702 [1]
  8. ^ a b Manganiello 2004, p. 518.
  9. ^ "National Gallery". Archived from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  10. ^ "Lord George Stuart, Seigneur D'Aubigny, 1618–42". Retrieved 3 March 2009.
  11. ^ "The Peerage.com". Retrieved 2 March 2009.

References

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French nobility
Preceded by Seigneur d'Aubigny
1632–1642
Succeeded by