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Any LED can light indefinitely* as long as you keep the current within the maximum specified in the datasheet. … If you buy a LED without a datasheet, you buy a toy, not a LED, so make sure that you get one. It will have an Absolute maximum value, and usually a recommended operating conditions. …

If you just get a random LED, then you're right. … Depending on your LED source, they might already be binned, and the binning should be indicated on the distributor's listing. …

Because your LED has an unusually high forward voltage. It is a blue or white LED, while a "normal" LED is red or green. … A red or green LED has a forward voltage of roughly 2 volts and a standard forward current of about 10 mA. Another reason is that you simply don't want to run the LED at the maximum brightness. …

I am looking at the datasheet for the OSRAM Golden DRAGON® Plus LUW W5AM, a high power white LED. … Or is it just that they want me to use a more suitable LED? I've tried to contact OSRAM about this, to no avail. …

The sum of every LED you sink will accumulate to that. Static characteristics This is what you should look at in an operational circuit. The important figure is IOL, LOW-level output current. …

Yes There will be absolutely no problems. In fact, those wires are even overkill for the purpose - designed for around 48 volts and enough current to ring the mechanical bell in an old telephone. The …

If this was not good practice, you could not really use a LED matrix. … Just set the current to whatever current you want through the LED. The resistor does absolutely nothing here except wasting heat. …

What that means is that your LED won't ever draw 20 mA from this port. … As long as the LED will try to draw more current, the voltage will drop, until there is a balance between LED current and LED voltage. …

It seems a bit wasteful to use computer power supplies in this way, but it will work. The output ground is not connected to the input ground (protective earth), so each individual power supply will "f …

If you connect a normal LED directly to 3.3 volts, it will try to draw a near-infinite amount of current, due to the LEDs I-V curve. … This is a pointless exercise, because the LED would burn up in flames before that. …

You're totally right that you have the same current running through every LED when they're connected in series. Your confusion comes from not knowing how the typical LED strip is constructed. … I have drawn one possible construction here: simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab Each LED in the first column will draw I1 amperes, each LED in the second column will draw …

The LED will flash at the same speed as you toggle the pin, which in turn will be related to the frequency of the microcontroller. … You mention capacitance (doesn't really exist in a LED but let's go with it) and you're correct. They will only change the rise/fall times. …

Using 20 mA for an indicator LED might have been necessary 30 years ago, but today you're perfectly fine with 2 mA. …

Microcontroller Any question with the NE555 tag can be answered with "use a microcontroller". This is also true for this question. It's the obvious choice, especially if you need low power when it's n …

You would only have to change the resistor after the LED, because the output from the operational amplifier will be closer to 9 volts than 5 volts. …