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I bought some crab legs on Monday night. I steamed them on Tuesday night.

I couldn't have more than a bite; the taste and aroma was that of ammonia, although the taste itself did not taste poisonous. (My wife says she didn't notice and went happily along)

I am wondering if this could have been because the legs were bad. Also, I stored them in the fridge for 24 hours instead of keeping them in the freezer. A friend thought this shouldn't have mattered.

Any definitive thoughts as to what caused this effect?

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Fresh seafood should smell briny, like the sea. It generally should not smell strongly in any way--not in a "fishy" way, and not like ammonia.

According to the US FDA, you should not eat seafood that has even a fleeting, minor smell of ammonia:

Uncooked spoiled seafood can have sour, rancid, fishy, or ammonia odors. These odors become stronger after cooking. If you smell sour, rancid, or fishy odors in raw or cooked seafood, do not eat it. If you smell either a fleeting or persistent ammonia odor in cooked seafood, do not eat it.

The scent of ammonia in shellfish is a strong indicator that it's gone bad. When the crab meat begins to decompose, the byproducts create the scent of ammonia. Even thought the scent was minor (you could smell it, but not your wife), this would still indicate that the crab legs had begun to rot.

Crab legs are generally flash-frozen immediately upon harvest, and kept frozen until you buy them and bring them home. This keeps them "fresh" because they spend very little time in the danger zone.

Likely, in transit between the dock and your home, the crab legs thawed, spent excessive time (more than 2 hours) in the danger zone, and have spoiled. I would not expect the refrigerator storage to have caused this alone, unless there was also additional non-frozen time before you purchased them.

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    I completely agree with this answer, as someone who has had food poisoning from shellfish I can tell you from personal experience it's not worth the risk.
    – GdD
    Commented Jan 3, 2020 at 11:56

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