Questions tagged [halogens]
The halogens tag has no usage guidance.
36
questions
0
votes
0
answers
22
views
Why does chlorine have a higher electron affinity value than fluorine? [duplicate]
Why does chlorine have a higher electron affinity value than fluorine? Since this periodic property tends from the bottom up (in the group), the logic would be that the fluorine is the element with ...
-2
votes
1
answer
39
views
Synthesis Sec - Butyl Bromide from alcohol
The question is to make Sec-butyl Bromide from alcohol. From what i have read, 2° and 3° alkyl bromide and alkyl iodide cannot be formed with Conc H2SO4 as it will make it into alkene.
I have tried
P4 ...
1
vote
1
answer
231
views
Iodine solution concentration
I am planning to make 1L of 0.005M iodine solution from KI and I2. I have found instructions that say to use 2 g of KI and 1.3 g of I2 but no explanation why exactly this particular amount. I also ...
- 19
0
votes
0
answers
89
views
Formation of hypofluorite from F2 and hydroxide
Why $\ce{FO-}$ can't form in reaction of $\ce{F2}$ with $\ce{OH-}$ but $\ce{ClO-}$ can form on reacting $\ce{Cl2}$ with $\ce{OH-}$?
Is $\ce{FO-}$ very unstable?
I know that fluorine can't have ...
- 183
1
vote
1
answer
462
views
Substitution or elimination when a chloroalkene reacts with NaOH in ethanol?
NaOH + EtOH will eliminate the Cl atom forming a double bond. At least, that's what I think. 3 could also be a viable answer since the OH can also attack the said double bond (this is probably not ...
- 13
5
votes
2
answers
131
views
What words can I use to differentiate between cases where two atoms are of the same element versus when two atoms are of different elements?
I am writing my thesis, and usually I'm quite good with picking the right words for specific phenomena, yet I am having trouble finding the right words for this specific circumstance. I am trying to ...
- 1,247
2
votes
1
answer
290
views
Very Little Astatine
Astatine is the penultimate halogen in the periodic table with atomic number 85. It is very much radioactive and would vaporize itself by its own radioactivity before being collected. But there is ...
- 742
0
votes
0
answers
62
views
Elegant and fast way without chromatography to remove fluoride ions from water phase without contamination of the polar water soluble product?
I have a challenging purification routine. I want to remove fluoride from an aqueous solution, my product is a phosphonic acid, which is readly water soluble and an anion.
The anion is about 200 Da in ...
- 799
-1
votes
1
answer
98
views
How to find the percentage of chloroderivatives after monochlorination of a compound
There are series of examples in my textbook to decipher the chlorination selectivity.
The example was to find percentage of monohlorderviatives of n-pentane after free radical halogenation giving ...
-2
votes
1
answer
59
views
Markonikov's Rule (Cyclohexene reacting with H-Br)
Based on Markonikov's rule, H-X hydrogen will be added onto the carbon (double bond) with more hydrogens. Therefore, the LHS and the middle makes sense. But why is the RHS product possible ? Hydrogen ...
- 529
-1
votes
1
answer
457
views
Which Group 16 elements form stable dihalides?
My textbook says that "except oxygen, all elements of group 16 form dichlorides and dibromides", while other sources quote that only Oxygen and Sulphur form dihalides and dibromides.
Whereas,...
- 1
2
votes
1
answer
126
views
Reaction of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene & Hydroxylamine
I'm looking for reactions that would attack the chlorine in dichlorobenzenes. Wikipedia mentions a reaction with hydroxylamine, yet Googling, I haven't found exact said reaction. Can anyone provide it ...
- 302
3
votes
3
answers
535
views
Why chlorate(V) is one of the primary products of disproportionation reaction between chlorine gas and hot concentrated NaOH?
Cold diluted $\ce{NaOH}$ reacts with $\ce{Cl2}$ producing hypochlorite:
$$\ce{2 NaOH(aq, dil, cold) + Cl2(g) -> NaClO(aq) + NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)},\tag{R1}$$
whereas hot concentrated $\ce{NaOH}$ yields ...
- 53
21
votes
1
answer
4k
views
Why is the boiling point of fluorine lower than that of oxygen?
Fluorine boils at -188.1 °C and oxygen boils at -183 °C, but shouldn't $\ce{F2}$ boil after $\ce{O2}$?
Despite being electronegative elements, both are nonpolar molecules and posses dispersion forces ...
- 1,584
-5
votes
1
answer
88
views
Can halogens show -3 or -5 or -7 oxidation state. Why? [closed]
I mean can we think it like if the electrons get excited into the d orbitals and because there are now more than one unpaired electron, why does it only loose them and why don't they accept more than ...
- 7
7
votes
2
answers
2k
views
Why, out of the main halogens, is bromine the most soluble in water?
Why, out of the main halogens, is bromine $(\ce{Br2})$ the most soluble in water?
Why is there such a drastic decrease for iodine $(\ce{I2})?$
Here is a table from my inorganic chemistry textbook with ...
- 109
7
votes
3
answers
3k
views
Why do diluted sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide etch copper only when chloride ions are present?
I've mixed 30 ml 10% sulfuric acid with 20 ml 3% hydrogen peroxide and put a drop of this solution onto copper foil. The solution quickly removed the oxide layer from the copper but did not dissolve ...
- 191
1
vote
0
answers
68
views
Hydrochloric acid from diaphragm electrolysis
I have a diaphragm electrolysis cell, which is made up of an outer container containing the cathode and a small terra cotta pot containing the anode. If sodium chloride solution is placed in the outer ...
- 123
0
votes
0
answers
223
views
Reaction of propanoic acid with chlorine used in wastewater treatment
I'm asked in a problem to write down the equation of the reaction of propanoic acid with chlorine used in wastewater treatment: $\ce{CH3-CH2-COOH +Cl2}$. The problem also states that, in this reaction,...
- 101
0
votes
0
answers
321
views
Why does chlorine show a mesomeric effect in haloarenes and an inductive effect in haloalkanes?
Chlorine shows the +R effect in haloarenes and the -I effect in haloalkanes. Does chlorine do the same for all cyclic compounds or only for aromatic rings? Is this just another experimentally seen ...
- 32
0
votes
1
answer
74
views
Why is chloride measurment 0 [closed]
In class we did an experiment to measure chloride in different water sources, including a lake. We used Ion-selective electrode of Ag/AgCl technique.
We did the calibration curve and all steps and ...
- 23
2
votes
2
answers
140
views
Is the electric conductivity of chlorine ions influenced by its oxidation state?
I'm a high school student researching the conductivity of electrolyte solutions. In this excerpt of the CRC Handbook, I noticed that different ions containing chlorine have different limiting molar ...
- 527
0
votes
0
answers
219
views
Total Chloride Vs Organic/Inorganic Chloride
I am currently running a project to detect chloride level in crude palm oil. On most lab service websites, some offer total chloride detection and others offer organic chloride detection. What are the ...
1
vote
3
answers
357
views
How can chlorine be 'only' the third-most electronegative element yet have the highest electron affinity?
From Wikipedia:
It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity on the Pauling scale,...
- 1,795
0
votes
1
answer
175
views
Are there terms for ions of chlorine other than chloride?
An ion of chlorine with a charge of −1 is called a chloride ion/anion.
Are there terms for other ions of chlorine, for example, $\ce{Cl+}$ or $\ce{Cl^2-}?$
- 709
7
votes
2
answers
990
views
How to measure chlorine content using ORP sensor?
In my project I need to measure pH, turbidity, and chlorine level of treated drinking water. I found sensors for measuring pH, turbidity, and also chlorine.
The actual problem begins is that the cost ...
1
vote
0
answers
119
views
Why do iron objects leave black marks on laminate countertop [closed]
My over 30 years old laminate kitchen countertop had accumulated a lot of marks over the years that no cleaner would remove. I finally gave up and decided to use chlorine bleach on it knowing that ...
- 11
-2
votes
1
answer
168
views
Halogens chemical reactions with each other [closed]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogen
Can Halogens react with each other?
Examples :
Chlorine + Flourine
Flourine + Iodine
Iodine + Bromine
Chlorine + Bromine
and so on.
Permutations and Combinations.
...
- 101
3
votes
0
answers
289
views
What makes a good chlorinating agent?
From what I know, good inorganic chlorinating agents, $\ce{SOCl2, PCl3, PCl5}$ are able to substitute a poorer leaving group (like $\ce{OH-}$) for chlorine. For example, for substitution of the ...
- 387
1
vote
2
answers
5k
views
Naming and structure of PtCl4.2HCl (complex/coordination compound)
Given that $\ce{PtCl4.2HCl}$ when reacted with excess of $\ce{AgNO3}$ produced zero moles of $\ce{AgCl}$, I understand that all the chlorine atoms are inside the coordination sphere. But what will the ...
- 149