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I have a doubt about how this emission process is carried out in the atom where we have the orbiting electron and we want the electron to return to the fundamental value.

I know that in absorption we inject a light on top of the atom the electron at a certain frequency electron becomes energized it starts to jump from the fundamental level to the excited level. I don't know what method is used when it is emitted, I would like an explanation, please, on the subject, the little I understood is by temperature, but it was not clear to me.

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There are a number of ways an electron can return to ground state from a higher metastable state. Here are two:

  • Spontaneous transition, as in fluorescence and phosphorescence, where the electron emits radiation, removing the energy.
  • Radiationless decay, AKA external conversion, in which collision with other particles transfers energy as heat.

BTW, a metastable state can be quite long-lasting. Thermoluminescence is used to date ceramic, igneous rock and other materials thousands or millions years old. A different meaning to dating for the long term...

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