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From https://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/pictures/ekja03/Mining25.pdf page 10:

The bitcoin system is therefore designed to ensure that it takes around ten minutes on average before any miner anywhere manages to discover a nonce, or pair of nonces, that generates a hash with enough zeros. /…/

What is a pair of nonces and how does a pair of nonces solve a block?

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What is a pair of nonces [...]

I guess they refer to nonce and extranonce.

[...] and how does a pair of nonces solve a block?

Talk of "solving" a block doesn't make much sense. They just mean that miners find values for the data in a block that result in the hash of the block being a number no bigger than the current network target number. Those values include nonce, extranonce and others.

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  • (I meant solving in the mathematical sense, as any mining task can be seen as solving an equation, defined by the CNTN, the list of transactions in a block, etc.)
    – Erik Kaplun
    Commented Oct 25, 2022 at 13:11

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