Generally speaking, without or with specific relation to astronomy, emissions from an ion does not even imply recombination. The attained ion can be in an excited state and relax by emission, too.

@DavidHammen that is often neglected. Even discussing planets owing to their definition taken as "solely hold by gravity" rather than "shaped by gravity".

This is what I have asked at Physics SE and, perhaps due to my formulation ("dark gravity") it was treated like pseudoscience. But at least some comments mentioned MOND, that is more on the direction of what we are asking,ie a different behaviour of gravity. This would mean that GR as to be improved, besides the famous conflict at quantum scale. Plus 1.

I think you mean the cosmological principle not the equivalence one. And that brings us to the answer given by @planetmaker. Than of course science is ready to correct itself.

Still there is no reason to expect anything special. Ie someone who is already at about our visible universe edge can cross that border in few steps and nothing happens. This is just the cosmological principle pushed a few meters. Is when it is said that universe is infinite (or it can be so). But I see that planetmaker fixes the above, already.

It seems a drone, from your description

Cross posted on Physics SE

Perhaps the "other" implicit in "almost all" refers to subsequent stages of the star lifespan, or "this process" refers to the exact process with all its fine details. On first approximation all new stars should form the same.

I am with Pela, although I understand that even if the Universe is finite, we the humans will naturally continue to think that something finite is embedded in something bigger. That is because we are not dealing with absolutely nothing (no space even) since evolution started. It is likely true that cosmology will always pose philosophical troubles or will remain a wonder.

That ring isn't the accretion disk. The latter isn't visible in the pic. Yes indeed "is a globe". The key is that you see or detect what reaches your eyes or antennas.

The spheres you have in mind are the visibile and the observable Universe. Actually beyond them there is still our Universe. According to current knowledge it goes far far away, perhaps it is infinite. There might be other universes but they should not be out there. They should be other universes in their own spaces.

Also, suppose two asteroid merge. If they do, most likely they overall momentum gets lower while their mass increases. So they will be again under the attraction of Jupiter. But I am going far. This is just to say that the situation is far from the scenario implicit in your question. The system is certainly more complicated and especially somewhat stable.

Much like spotting a bird that is crossing the sky towards the sun

Asteroid belts are far from being a billiard pool.

Note that the black body spectrum is not the spread of emission lines. At least not if standard dictionary is used.

Do you mean the assertion is true or he made it?