Unanswered Questions
114 questions with no upvoted or accepted answers
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What are You misunderstanding about the scale factor-redshift relation?
If the scale factor as a function of time represents or is equal to the average distance between the galaxies, then it increases altogether with the CMB redshift $z$, but it also must be equal to the ...
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0
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cross-matched SDSS-WISE catalog
Please where can I find cross-matched SDSS and WISE dataset for a machine learning project?
(Galaxy-star-qso classification task)
2
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0
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84
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Would we know if the universe was rotating?
I was wondering what we would observe if the universe had a small rotation. My conclusion was that galaxies on the equatorial plane of the universe would be slightly more redshifted than galaxies than ...
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Why MIT's Benjamin Rackham says "nearby ultracool dwarf SPECULOOS-3" would look "purplish-red, spotted, and flaring" from an airless orbiting planet?
May 15, 2024 MIT News article Newly discovered Earth-sized planet may lack an atmosphere includes the following:
“We can say from our spectra and other observations that the star has a temperature of ...
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Project Analog Hypothetical Planet
For my story Project Analog, I was wondering if a hypothetical planet (Let's call it Suria). It has the same size and conditions as Earth with the same axis, tilt, and rotation, as well as one moon. ...
CommunityBot
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2
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What would the Big Crunch theoretically look/feel like?
In the Big Crunch theory, the expansion of the universe reverses, resulting in all matter contracting into a single point. Imagine you are alive at the time of this event. What would the sky look like?...
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2
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34
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Local anisotropies in the expansion of the universe and tidal forces...?
In the context of the large-scale structure of the universe, there can be local anisotropies (https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2021/05/aa40296-21/aa40296-21.html).
I understand from this ...
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25
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Deriving Faber-Jackson Relation from Milgrom's Law
I am reading Famaey & McGaugh 2011, a review paper on Modified Newtonian Dynamics. My question concerns bullet 3 in Sec 5.2, where the authors try to explain how Faber-Jackson Relation can be ...
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1
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121
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Determining Time Based on Arc Seconds
So our arc day starts at 20°41'32 which is midnight (0:00) and ends 24 hours later at 21°42'42. According to my calculations it traveled 0 degrees, 59 minutes, and 30 seconds or 3570 arc seconds in 24 ...
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Flux from the Sun on the Earth using the Stefan-Boltzmann law
What is wrong with this computation, plase? I am getting the result of 4291.65 W m^{-2} instead of 1361 W m^{-2}. Thank you very much
...
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Consistent values for density of galaxies between degree squared and steradian
I have a table of densities of galaxies :
Expected number density of galaxies for photometric survey per unit area and redshift intervals, $\mathrm{d} N / \mathrm{d} \Omega \mathrm{d} z\left[\mathrm{...
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What would be the new Equation of motion if the magnetic field's origin is shifted from the origin of a co-rotating spherical polar coordinates?
The equation of motions due to the dipole magnetic force of a planet in a frame corotating with the planet and origin at the centre of planet assumed to be sphere components wise are given as below:
\...
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0
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33
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How to plot different curves in the same polar cordinates in matplotlib?
I tried to plot the paths of particle of different sizes in the same polar coordinate using the code given below using matplotlib. somewhat like this:
Instead I got this plot:
while the path for ...
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2
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70
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How is an index of n=0 possible for the Lane-Emden equation?
I was recently showing that an index of $n=0$ for the Lane-Emden equation results in constant density throughout the star. However, in my calculations I had to use the constant $\alpha$ which can be ...
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What is value of charge by mass ratio (q/m) for a spherical micro charged particle with surface potential 6 volts in S.I units and in e/amu units?
In Liu and Ip (2014),The Astrophysical Journal, 786:34 (8pp), the value of q/m is derived as follows :
"for a dust grain with radius 'a', from $\phi = \frac{4\pi q}{\varepsilon_0 a}$ we have $\...
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60
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Crop a FITS file in shape of another
I have a FITS file, let us say file A. I have another FITS file, file B. File B has a smaller footprint than file A. I want to crop file A in shape of file B. How do I go about doing that?
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50
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calculating mass of galaxy from luminosity
A very elementary question, just to make sure I got this thing right.
Suppose we are given that the mass to luminosity ratio of a galaxy is $2 \frac{M_{\odot}}{L_{\odot}}$.
Let us say, that the ...
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1
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99
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Formula for "gravity assist"
I am familiar with the concept of "gravity assist" by which a space probe or other object, passing near a moving planet, can pick up some of the planet's orbital velocity.
I presume that ...
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2
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60
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What could these LMC objects in this color-color diagram be?
I have performed a color-color and colour-magnitude plot of various sources detected in an LMC image (JWST NIRCAM F200W, F150W and F115W filters). I then also queried SIMBAD to collect relevant ...
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Is there such a thing as a map that shows the current (not observed) positions of celestial objects?
As I understand it, maps of the sky and three-dimensional maps of the universe all show the observed positions of celestial objects.
Are there any maps that show our best guess at their current ...
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Gravitational recoil with stars/planets...?
When two black holes are merging, the resulting merge can be ejected if one of the black holes had less mass than the other one, so the gravitational waves emitted by both of them is unbalanced, and ...
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Typical astronomical and astrophysical problems in various programming languages
As a rule, work in the field of observational astronomy and astrophysics requires knowledge of such programming languages as: C/C++ and the principles of OOP, MPI, CUDA. Sometimes additional ...
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Could rogue planets with cold nucleus have winds or water currents/waves due to the planet's rotation?
Are there any types of wind or waves caused and produced only and exclusively by a planet's rotation? Not influenced by the planet's rotation, but produced solely by it?
In the case of waves, are ...
- 1,017
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50
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What are the primary astrophysical implications of a proposed mass of about 11 M⊙ for the SN 2023ixf progenitor?
The abstract of the arXiv preprint SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: A Variable Red Supergiant as the Progenitor Candidate to a Type II Supernova (itself recently "discovered" in the observatory) ...
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42
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Trying to understand how to properly implement this equation to a healpix map
So i am working on reproducing a paper (Secrest, N. J., von Hausegger, S., Rameez, M., Mohayaee, R., Sarkar, S., & Colin, J. (2021). A test of the cosmological principle with quasars. The ...
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61
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Is there an equation that can give position of a satellite around a parent body as a function of time?
I’ve been looking into this lately, and most sources I have used solve this problem numerically. I was thus wondering if there is a proper equation to solve for position without numerical, especially ...
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101
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Conversion of 1D plot in 3D plot gives different physics
I am to track the path of a particle due to Lorentz force of the planet magnetic field, assuming there is no gravitational force on it.
The equation of motion due to Lorentz force in rotating ...
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108
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What exactly IS a "Domain Wall"?
A Domain Wall is an "topological defect" and a 2-dimensional singularity. They are widely theorized to exist throughout the universe, but none have been detected yet. I'm having trouble ...
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Stellar structure equations - mass continuity
Out of the four stellar structure ODEs, I would like to understand why the mass continuity equation was named this way. It reads
$$ \frac{dm}{dr}=4\pi r^2\rho \tag{1} $$
and I understand what it means,...
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2
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255
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Abundance of an element Xi in mass fraction from its abundance by number
How can I calculate the expression of the abundance of a given element Xi in mass fraction from its abundance by number Ni/NH, where log(NH) = 12 is the abundance by number of hydrogen?
I've tried the ...
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2
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29
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Equation describing Energy Transport due to Radiation in the interiors of stars
I am considering a very elementary stellar structure and I'm required to derive an equation to describe the energy transport due to radiation. The answer I am supposed to obtain is:
$$\frac{dT}{dr}= -\...
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42
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"First gamma-ray eclipses from ‘spider’ star systems" - but have other types of gamma-ray eclipses been observed?
The January 28, 2023 NASA News item NASA’s Fermi Detects First Gamma-Ray Eclipses From ‘Spider’ Star Systems begins:
Scientists have discovered the first gamma-ray eclipses from a special type of ...
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56
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How does the entropy diffusivity changes with radius in the Sun?
Could you please explain - How does the entropy diffusivity changes with radius in the Sun?
As far I know, In the convection zone, the entropy diffusivity increases as the temperature and density ...
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what does it mean to have momentum suppressed cross section
What does it mean to have momentum suppressed cross section and zero momentum transference in direct and indirect detection of dark matter
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70
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Do all the accretion disks around a compact object (black hole or neutron star) emit astrophysical jet outflow?
Do all the accretion disks around a compact object (black hole or neutron star) emit astrophysical jet outflow? I mean is it mandatory for a jet to be emitted from an accretion disk?
If so, then why?
...
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46
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How do I calculate the flux density of a substellar object?
I am currently trying to generate photometric passband colors for brown dwarfs and planets generated through MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics). I believe I understand the ...
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3
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56
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Potential energy in an expanding universe
A question you wonderful geniuses can hopefully answer. Imagine a piece of string drawn between two galaxies. Space between the galaxies is expanding. What force is being applied to the string? Where ...
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57
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The necessary conditions for driving winds with dust (Dust-driven Wind)
So lately I've read Intro to stellar winds (particularly chapter 7 Dust-driven winds) by Lamers & cassinelli, I forget how many times I've read this but I still don't really understand. So in the ...
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79
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Deviations of conservation laws in the context of cosmological evolution?
If energy is "not conserved" in General Relativity (or at least, it is difficult to define it) in the context of an accelerating expanding spacetime (like it happens in our Universe), are ...
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Where can I find definitions of minimum detectable flux sensitivity and signal to noise ratio?
I am struggling to find references that give precise definitions to these concepts. Even in PhD theses on the subject of gamma-ray astrophysics, for example, students do not define it precisely or ...
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Cosmic microwave background the same as the first visible light at 379,000 yrs after the Big Bang? How do these measure the age of the universe?
Was the CMB emitted at the same time as visible light at 379,000 yrs after the BB ? Was this a one time event ? If headed away from us, how does it measure the age of the universe?
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Calculating the angular momentum of stars from Gaia archive (Gaia DR3)
I am trying to calculate the angular momentum for a subset of stars from Gaia DR3. I have scanned the available fields in their database and could only find out the below fields that specifies the ...
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166
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How much would you weigh at the equator of the fastest spinning pulsar?
Assuming you have a mass of 70 kg, what would your weight be on the equator of PSR J1748−2446ad?
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Why do most astrophysicists believe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provides the best evidence for dark matter? What, exactly, IS that evidence?
I frequently read that the cosmic microwave background contains the best overall evidence for the existence of dark matter, and conversely against alternative gravity theories like MOND.
However, I ...
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Explanation for Planck 2018 temperature fluctuations strongest peaks
As it can be seen from Plank 2018 Cosmic Microwave Background temperature fluctuations data-
There are 3 sharp peaks at multipole expansions $\ell \approx 250, 550, 800 $. Also as multipole expansion ...
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Stars as nozzles; how important is thermodynamics and the de Laval nozzle equation for understanding the speed of the solar wind vs distance?
Seeing What determines the speed of a star's solar wind? I'm having flashbacks from undergraduate days where the professor started their lecture on solar wind by writing something that they called ...
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How can a busy high school student get into learning Astronomy?
I'm a high school student that has loved physics for quite some time, but have only started dabbling with the more complex things. I know a fair bit about quantum mechanics and such as I like it, but ...
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What is the main difference between cyclotron, synchrotron, and gyrosynchrotron radiation?
How are these various types of radiation generated? What is the main difference between them? Can someone suggest a book related to these radiations?
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Is it possible to infer information about the structure of the universe beyond the observable one?
Is it possible to infer information about the structure of the universe beyond the observable one, by observing its effects on the parts we can see? Can for example gravity from sources we cannot see ...
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Find Periodicity in Lightcurve Using Lombscargle Periodogram(Astropy)
How to find the Nyquist factor for unevenly sampled data like here.https://github.com/jakevdp/PracticalLombScargle/blob/master/figures/LINEAR_Example.ipynb ? I have time binned for 5 mins. I mean for ...
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