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Because black holes are different sizes presumably they would contain different quantities of dark energy and so some galaxies would accelerate faster in some directions than others.

Dark energy from supermassive black holes? Physicists spar over radical idea

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In that model, black holes are assumed to spread out uniformly throughout the universe after their formation. This is typical behavior for dynamical dark energy models, but it's particularly necessary here to evade established observational constraints on the abundance of massive black holes within galaxies. In Appendix B of their ApJ Letter, where the authors demonstrate their model's compatibility with these limits, they say that they "have assumed a uniformly dispersed population in the computation of Figure 3". It is also clear from the referenced figure that this assumption has indeed been made.

(Whether the implied departure of stellar remnants from galaxies is itself consistent with observations is a separate matter that, to my knowledge, has not been addressed.)

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    $\begingroup$ Stellar-remnant black holes do remain in galaxies -- that's where we've seen them! (Both via accretion disks from companion stars and from microlensing.) $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 11, 2023 at 14:46
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    $\begingroup$ And, no, the model doesn't assume that black holes "spread out uniformly throughout the universe". $\endgroup$ Commented Jun 11, 2023 at 14:46
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    $\begingroup$ @PeterErwin I agree that stellar remnant black holes stay in galaxies (and that's one reason why the black holes as dark energy idea makes no sense) $\endgroup$
    – Sten
    Commented Jun 11, 2023 at 16:45
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    $\begingroup$ @PeterErwin But the people proposing the idea do assume that black holes spread out uniformly. See section 4.1 and appendix B of arxiv.org/abs/2302.07878 $\endgroup$
    – Sten
    Commented Jun 11, 2023 at 16:46
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    $\begingroup$ @Sten How would black holes spread out uniformly if they expand space at different rates? This is like energy being asymmetrical ly distributed as shown by the CMB fluctuations $\endgroup$
    – user51209
    Commented Jun 11, 2023 at 17:39

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