I hesitate to choose whether 8GB memory or 16GB memory? So what is the
disadvantage of big memory?
The only real “disadvantage” to a 16GB upgrade versus 8GB upgrade is cost. If cost is not factor, getting as much RAM as your system can handle is always a good thing.
That said, physical installing RAM is one factor in performance improvement. The other is making sure your system can really handle that RAM. Meaning, you can have 16GB installed on your system, but if the application you are using is not properly configured to use the 16GB of RAM you might as well not have an upgrade.
Also, you state you are doing big data analysis: How? If there are file system interactions at play, maybe upgrading the storage to SSD (assuming you don’t already have that installed) could be another way to improve overall system performance.