You are mixing apples and oranges. Create a partition table on /dev/sdb
and copy sda1
to sdb1
, or copy all of sda
(partition table and all) to sdb
wholesale.
I can report success with the former, albeit my experience is from many years ago; but the latter is tricky to get to work entirely correctly. Perhaps you're better off creating a partition table and installing Grub separately. There are various recipes for making USB sticks bootable; it's not hard.
I'm rather confident the latter will not work unless you can set up sda
and sdb
to have exactly the same disk geometries etc; or limit the dd
transfer with something like bs=1024 count=33554432
(probably better with a bigger block size and a correspondingly smaller count), and live with the fact that the partition table is not exactly right. If you mount the boot partition read-only, you should not be able to create any damage to the file system anyway (... I hope).
As a partial workaround, if you can play around with the disk on your source machine, you could set it up to have two partitions in the first 32G and then mount the rest as a separate /home
partition or whatever; then maybe live with the fact that the stick will try to mount a nonexistent partition (maybe that will kill it, haven't tried).