This all started when I changed modems, which also necessitated changing WAN interfaces on my custom router (1G to 2.5G). The first time I changed the interface, I stopped getting a delegated prefix and started seeing 'NoPrefixAvail' or 'No prefix available on Link' in Wireshark. The second time I tried changing interfaces, for testing purposes, I started getting 'NoAddrAvail' or 'No address available on Link'. I now have no IPv6 connectivity whatsoever, whereas everything worked fine before switching interfaces.
These errors suggest that the problem is on my ISP's side, however, when I switch back to my old off-the-shelf router, I do get an address and prefix.
About my router: I am using Ubuntu Server, with firewalld as a firewall. I request a prefix through systemd as per https://erik.nygren.org/dhcpv6-pd-on-ubuntu-2204.html by adding /etc/systemd/network/10-netplan-enp4s0.network.d/override.conf (where enp4s0 is the WAN interface) containing the following:
[Match]
Name=enp4s0
[DHCPv6]
PrefixDelegationHint=::/60
This setup worked perfectly for the previous interface, but not for the new ones.
Wireshark caps for 'dhcpv6' are here.