I ran into the exact same problem and here is what ended up working.
You likely have a power supply for your P15 vs. just USB-C/Thunderbolt right?
For me on an X1 Extreme Gen5, I had the exact same issue that the laptop wouldn't turn on after disabling the battery and plugging in the power adapter when I was ready to enable the battery again. In my case the charge light for the adapter did not come on ever.
I tried disconnecting the laptop battery, removing the CMOS battery, using the reset button hole at the bottom, waiting an hour, holding down the power button for a long time, etc. None of that worked.
What did end up working was connecting a Thunderbolt eGPU which delivers power and then the power adapter. Then I finally got the charge light to come on and I was able to start the laptop.
You may be able to do the same thing just with USB-C power vs. an eGPU with power. It seems to me there's some issue with the Lenovo laptops that utilize the non usb-c power adapters. I bet the UEFI expects TB/USB-C power for the reset and not the dedicated adapter. The reason I say that is because the power adapter light never came on except with the USB-C power.
I honestly feel like I had to jumpstart my laptop. I don't like these software/hardware linked functions. Next time, I will either not bother disabling the battery or if I'm concerned disconnect the battery first thing after opening the case instead.
Good luck!