On Linux, the login screen is operated by the "display manager." By default on Mint, the display manager is their own, MDM (Mint display manager). Upon logging in successfully, it starts an X11 session for your user, which reads all of its default locations to learn what window manager and other tools to run. For example, Mint's main release runs Cinnamon (the binary is named cinnamon-session
) which runs a window manager muffin
but just stick to cinnamon-session which should start everything it needs to. Cinnamon starts all the components including the desktop with icons and wallpaper, and the panel (people coming from Windows will call it a "task bar" but that's only one component on a panel).
The fact that you can move the mouse, but see nothing else, means that X11 started for your user, but that any window manager or additional session programs have failed to start. So for a quick and dirty hack to get you running something on the display:
- Log in to the display manager, just like you said you did.
- Switch virtual terminals (
CTRL+ALT+F2
or another low-numbered function key)
- Log in to a terminal session, and run
DISPLAY=:0 cinnamon-session
which tries to start Cinnamon in the first (zero-indexed) X display server running on the computer.
- If no errors are visible/obvious, try switching back to the graphical terminal (on Mint, which is Debian-based, it's probably
CTRL+ALT+F7
)
- Profit!
If you happen to know that you picked one of the other Mint releases such as Mint MATE, you would need to run a different window manager. Options could include:
- MATE:
mate-session
- Xfce:
xfce4-session
There are other ones like KDE and GNOME, but I don't actually know those binary names but I think Mint doesn't provide those by default but you hopefully recognize which term is used and be able to research further.
Now, if cinnamon-session
fails to start, you could perhaps try running a specific program on the graphical terminal from the text console. The Cinnamon file manager is named nemo
. So DISPLAY=:0 nemo
sudo apt remove zoom
. Did it work?