I have exactly the same problem as described in this post from 2012 (Can't log in normally, have desktop and user profile issues in Safe Mode), but there appears to be no final solution to that post, and I have not found a solution on other forums, either.
I have already tried restoring to a previous time, which allowed me to log in to the profile; however, the user folders (Documents, Music, etc.) were still not there. I looked for the .bak key for the profile in the registry editor, but it did not exist. Finally, I deleted the user profile, and a folder was created on my desktop which was supposed to contain the files of the user; however, the folder was empty.
I have administrator access using another profile, but am now at a loss as to what else I can try to recover the documents which were in the problem user profile (which was an administrator account). I have Windows 7 Professional, and had recently created a new administrator profile. Thanks for any help anyone can provide! Do I just need to send the hard drive to a repair professional who can attempt to recover them?