Changing Windows 10 lockscreen timeout requires a registry tweak, after adding the setting, you’ll then set your timeout using the standard Power Options applet in the Control Panel.
Warning on using Registry Editor, misusing it can render your system unstable or even inoperable.
In Registry Editor navigate to the following key:
HKEYLOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Power\PowerSettings\7516b95f-f776-4464-8c53-06167f40cc99\8EC4B3A5-6868-48c2-BE75-4F3044BE88A7
Double click the Attributes value to open its properties window.
Change the "Value data" box from 1 to 2, and then click OK.
Next step will be changing the timeout setting using Power Options.
Open up Power Options using Windows key + R and enter powercfg.cpl and click OK.
In the Power Options window, click the “Change plan settings” link next to whatever power plan you’re using.
In the Edit Plan Settings window, click the “Change advanced power settings” link.
In the Power Options dialog, expand the “Display” item and you’ll see the new setting you added listed as “Console lock display off timeout.” Expand that and you can then set the timeout for however many minutes you want.