It dosen't sound like anything. The oldschool modems were a workaround - In the US and some other countries, they used acoustic couplers which were restricted to 1200bps and were literally a device that fitted over your phone. Most proper standalone modems did not work that way. I'm assuming we're talking proper modems when talking about dialup. I for one have never seen an acoustic coupler, though we had a nice solid 1200bps modem with our XT which never saw the internet.
ADSL uses signals in frequencies not in use by phones, and in a purely digital format. Cable uses DOCSIS signalling, and once again, it isn't audio.
Fibre optic is light pulses. Can't hear it, they're probably too brief to see, tho there's a possibility of eye damage depending on intensity.
In all these cases, chances are the signal pulses are probably too short for a human to make out and in a format we can't 'hear'. They might also be compressed or otherwise processed.
For that matter, most of the dialup sound we've heard are the dialup 'handshake, as opposed to the actual data transmission'. Its meant to be heard. There's actually no useful information in it - its basically the two modems going 'can you hear me?', then adjusting for echos so you don't respond to your own hello, negotiating speeds then switching over to the actual data. Its specifically designed so if you got a call, and picked up a phone, you'd know you got a data transmission and would put it down. This is a pretty awesome writeup of the whole handshake process.
In short, you cannot hear the internet. Ever. What you can hear is two modems having a quick chat in a way engineers designed for you to be able to hear (and back in the day, a proper geek knew what his modem sounded like when things went well) . These sounds were intentionally meant to be human audible, and I suppose reassuring. I doubt actual data was ever human audible.