If you're packing more pixels into the same size screen, the native PPI will be denser, and things rendered at the native resolution will be smaller. So, you will need to use more pixels to render it the same size.
If someone with poor eyesight normally uses magnification (which interpolates the content onto more pixels), they will need more magnification to produce the same size on the higher resolution screen. So in this case, the higher resolution doesn't really buy any benefit.
Also, this interpolation isn't adding additional real content, so you don't get a benefit such as images being more detailed (except in the situation where the higher resolution allows you to display something at its native resolution, where the lower-resolution screen would have to shrink the image to fit).