Who can explain the new options of chdsk on Windows 8/10?

Question

Who can explain the new options of chdsk on Windows 8/10 ? The new options are

1./scan 
2./forceofflinefix
3./perf
4./spotfix
5./sdcleanup
6./offlinescanandfix
7./freeorphanedchains
8./markclean

I cannot find any explanation except the chkdsk /? informations but there is few informations and the source : https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/b8/2012/05/09/redesigning-chkdsk-and-the-new-ntfs-health-model/ does not explain the /sdcleanup neither the difference between /offlinescanandfix and /forceofflinefix and /r

Answer 1

Microsoft's stance on the changes to chkdsk

So in Windows 8, we’ve changed the way we approach the health model of NTFS and changed the way we fix corruptions so as to minimize the downtime due to chkdsk. We’ve also introduced a new file system for the future, ReFS, which does not require an offline chkdsk to repair corruptions.

Source: Redesigning chkdsk and the new NTFS health model

NTFS-only switches

1. /scan Runs an online scan on the specified partition.
2. /forceofflinefix Bypass all online repair; all defects found are queued for offline repair (i.e. chkdsk /spotfix). Should not be used without "/scan".
3. /perf Uses more system resources to complete a scan as fast as possible. This may have a negative performance impact on other tasks running on the system.
4. /spotfix Runs spot fixing on the specified volume.
5. /sdcleanup Garbage collect unneeded security descriptor data. Must be used with "/F".
6. /offlinescanandfix Runs an offline scan on the specified volume and fixes errors if any corruption is detected.

FAT/FAT32/exFAT-only switches

1. /freeorphanedchains Frees any orphaned cluster chains instead of recovering their contents.
2. /markclean Marks the volume clean if no corruption was detected, even if "/F" was not set.

Source: Check disk in Windows 10